摘要:
Light-detection systems that do not destroy the light to be detected or change the propagation direction of the light are described. In one aspect, a light-detection system includes an optical element composed of a substrate with a planar surface and a polarization insensitive, high contrast, sub-wavelength grating composed of posts that extend from the planar surface. The posts and/or lattice arrangement of the posts are non-periodically varied to impart orbital angular momentum and at least one helical wavefront on the light transmitted through the optical element.
摘要:
A capacitive sensor includes first and second variable capacitor electrode sets, respectively disposed upon a planar support surface and a proof mass that is compliantly displaceable along a first axis substantially parallel to the planar support surface. The first electrode set produces a cyclic variation in capacitance over a range of displacement of the proof mass along the first axis, and the second electrode set produces an absolute capacitance variation throughout the range of displacement along the first axis.
摘要:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for determining coordinate locations of sensor nodes of a sensor network. In one aspect, a method determines three-dimensional coordinates of a reference location in a terrain over which the sensor network is deployed. Beginning with the reference location, the method tracks the movement of an optical sensor as the optical sensor moves to each sensor node in series and determines a three-dimensional coordinate of each sensor node relative to the reference location based on data collected by the optical sensor. The method also programs the three-dimensional coordinate into each sensor node.
摘要:
Encapsulated devices that can adjust the damping level within are provided. In this regard, a representative encapsulated device, among others, comprises a bottom substrate, a middle substrate that is disposed above the bottom substrate, and a top substrate that is disposed above the middle substrate. The middle substrate comprises an outermost structure and at least one damping device. The at least one damping device is supported to the outermost structure. At least one top gap and a bottom gap are formed between the at least one damping device and the top and bottom substrates, respectively. The at least one top gap has at least one cavity depth that is adapted to adjust the damping level of the encapsulated device.
摘要:
Gyroscopes using surface electrodes are provided. In this regard, a representative microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope, among others, includes a top substrate and a bottom substrate. The top substrate includes an outermost structure that is open and enclosed and a first driving structure that is disposed within the outermost structure and includes first driving electrodes disposed on a bottom surface. The bottom substrate is disposed below the top substrate and includes second driving electrodes disposed on a top surface of the bottom substrate. The second driving electrodes are substantially aligned below the first driving electrodes such that a force can be applied to the first driving structure by an electrostatic force generated between the first and second driving electrodes. The first and second driving electrodes are also configured to provide a capacitance signal based on the movement of the first driving structure.
摘要:
A first device has a surface and includes a plurality of at largest micrometer-scale geometry structures extending along its surface. The structures have a first portion and a second portion. A plurality of at largest micrometer-scale geometry conductors are coupled to the first portion of respective structures. A converter converts a signal in the first portion of the structures to a substantially direct current signal in the respective second portion. A sensor detects a level of a signal coupled from one of the conductors to a respective one of the structures.
摘要:
A first device includes a micrometer-scale or smaller geometry first conductor. A second device includes a micrometer-scale or smaller second conductor. An actuator the first and second devices relative to each other between first and second positions. Signals are substantially coupled between the first and second conductors in the first position and not in the second position.
摘要:
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to image viewing systems. In one aspect, an image viewing system includes a projection system (104, 504, 604), and a dynamically reconfigurable screen (102, 502, 602). The projection system projects two or more images of perspective views of objects or a scene onto the screen. The screen is dynamically reconfigured to separately reflect each image to an associated viewing zone, enabling a viewer looking at the screen to the view the objects or the scene from different viewing zones
摘要:
A first device has a micrometer-scale or smaller first structure and is flexibly coupled to a first substrate. A second device has a micrometer-scale or smaller second structure and is coupled to a second substrate. At least one actuator displaces at least one of the first and second devices relative to the other in response to a control signal. The control signal is generated by a controller to align the first and second structures and to control the at least one actuator to connect the displaced first and second devices.
摘要:
Systems for electrically isolating portions of wafers are provided. A representative system includes a first wafer and a first conductor formed at least partially through the first wafer. A first conductor insulating layer is formed at least partially through the first wafer. The first conductor insulating layer engages the first conductor and is disposed between the first conductor and material of the first wafer. A first outer insulating layer also is provided that is formed at least partially through the first wafer. The first outer insulating layer is spaced from the first conductor insulating layer. Both the first conductor insulating layer and the first outer insulating layer are formed of dielectric material. Methods also are provided.