Capacitive sensing scheme for digital control state detection in optical switches
    1.
    发明授权
    Capacitive sensing scheme for digital control state detection in optical switches 有权
    光开关中数字控制状态检测的电容感测方案

    公开(公告)号:US06788520B1

    公开(公告)日:2004-09-07

    申请号:US09724948

    申请日:2000-11-28

    IPC分类号: G02B2608

    摘要: Disclosed is an apparatus and method for detecting whether rotatable MEMS elements are in the “on” or “off” position. Embodiments of the invention have application in devices switches that employ mirrors that move between an “on” or “off” position, wherein they reflect light from an input fiber into an output fiber in the “on” position, and allow the light to pass in the “off” position. Electrodes are positioned in the device such that the mirrors are close to, and therefor capacitively coupled to, a different electrode depending on whether they are in the “on” or “off” position. This invention is especially useful for switches that already employ electrodes for electrostatic clamping of mirrors in one or more positions, since those same electrodes can be used both to electrostatically clamp the mirrors and to sense their position. The method described in this invention comprises sensing of the capacitance between the mirrors and the one or more electrodes used to clamp the mirrors in its one or more position in order to detect which of the positions the mirrors are clamped in. Furthermore, the magnitude of the capacitances can be monitored to detect improper clamping.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种用于检测可旋转MEMS元件是处于“开”还是“关”位置的装置和方法。 本发明的实施例可应用于使用在“开”或“关”位置之间移动的反射镜的装置开关中,其中它们将来自输入光纤的光反射到处于“开”位置的输出光纤,并允许光通过 在“关”位置。 电极被定位在设备中,使得反射镜接近并因此电容耦合到不同的电极,这取决于它们是处于“开”还是“关”位置。 本发明对于已经使用用于在一个或多个位置中的反射镜的静电夹持的电极的开关特别有用,因为这些相同的电极可以用于静电夹紧反射镜并感测其位置。 本发明描述的方法包括检测反射镜之间的电容和用于将反射镜夹持在其一个或多个位置中的一个或多个电极,以便检测反射镜夹在哪一个位置。此外, 可以监控电容以检测不正确的夹紧。

    Two-dimensional gimbaled scanning actuator with vertical electrostatic comb-drive for actuation and/or sensing
    2.
    发明授权
    Two-dimensional gimbaled scanning actuator with vertical electrostatic comb-drive for actuation and/or sensing 有权
    具有垂直静电梳状驱动器的二维万向扫描执行器用于致动和/或感测

    公开(公告)号:US06819822B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-11-16

    申请号:US09751660

    申请日:2000-12-28

    IPC分类号: G02B635

    摘要: A two-dimensional scanner consists of a rotatable gimbal structure with vertical electrostatic comb-drive actuators and sensors. The scanner's two axes of rotation may be controlled independently by activating two sets of vertical comb-drive actuators. The first set of vertical comb-drive actuator is positioned in between a outer frame of the gimbal structure and the base, and the second set of vertical comb-drive actuator is positioned in between the inner part of the gimbal structure and the outer frame of the gimbal structure. The inner part of the gimbal structure may include a reflective surface, and the device may be used as a mirror. Furthermore, the capacitance of the vertical comb-drives may be measured to monitor the angular position of the mirror, and the capacitive position-monitoring signal may be used to implement closed-loop feedback control of the mirror angle. The two-dimensional scanner may be fabricated in a semiconductor process. Two-dimensional scanners may be used to produce fiber-optic switches.

    摘要翻译: 二维扫描器由可旋转的万向架结构与垂直静电梳状驱动致动器和传感器组成。 扫描仪的两个旋转轴可以通过激活两组垂直梳齿驱动执行器来独立控制。 第一组垂直梳齿驱动致动器位于万向架结构的外框架和基座之间,第二组垂直梳齿驱动致动器定位在万向架结构的内部和外框之间 万向架结构。 万向节结构的内部可以包括反射表面,并且该装置可以用作反射镜。 此外,可以测量垂直梳状驱动器的电容以监视反射镜的角度位置,并且可以使用电容位置监视信号来实现镜角的闭环反馈控制。 二维扫描器可以在半导体工艺中制造。 二维扫描仪可用于生产光纤交换机。

    Staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive and method of forming same
    3.
    发明授权
    Staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive and method of forming same 有权
    交错扭转静电梳齿及其形成方法

    公开(公告)号:US07079299B1

    公开(公告)日:2006-07-18

    申请号:US09584835

    申请日:2000-05-31

    IPC分类号: G02B26/08

    摘要: A staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes a stationary combteeth assembly and a moving combteeth assembly with a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is positioned entirely above the stationary combteeth assembly by a predetermined vertical displacement during a combdrive state. A method of fabricating the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes the step of deep trench etching a stationary combteeth assembly in a first wafer. A second wafer is bonded to the first wafer to form a sandwich including the first wafer, an oxide layer, and the second wafer. A moving combteeth assembly is formed in the second wafer. The moving combteeth assembly includes a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is separated from the first wafer by the oxide layer. The oxide layer is subsequently removed to release the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive.

    摘要翻译: 交错的扭转静电梳状驱动器包括固定的组合组件和具有反射镜和扭转铰链的移动梳状组件。 在梳状驱动状态期间,运动的组合组件完全位于固定的组合组件上方预定的垂直位移。 制造交错扭转静电梳齿驱动器的方法包括在第一晶片中深沟槽蚀刻静止梳组件的步骤。 第二晶片结合到第一晶片以形成包括第一晶片,氧化物层和第二晶片的夹层。 在第二晶片中形成移动的组合组件。 移动的组合组件包括反射镜和扭转铰链。 移动的组合组件通过氧化物层与第一晶片分离。 随后去除氧化物层以释放交错的扭转静电梳状驱动。

    Apparatus and method for routing optical signals through
wavelength-coding in a self-routed wavelength addressable network
    4.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for routing optical signals through wavelength-coding in a self-routed wavelength addressable network 失效
    在自路由波长可寻址网络中通过波长编码路由光信号的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号:US5541756A

    公开(公告)日:1996-07-30

    申请号:US341654

    申请日:1994-11-17

    摘要: A network and method for routing optical signals through wavelength-coding of routing tags belonging to the optical signals. The routing tag preferably consists of one or more header pulses S.sub.i which are chosen from among header wavelengths .lambda..sub.hi. Preferably, the header wavelengths .lambda..sub.hi are different from wavelengths used by the data. The optical signal also has reset tag containing preferably one reset pulse R preferably having a unique reset wavelength .lambda..sub.r. The optical data is contained between the routing tag and the reset tag. The network has a splitter for dividing the optical signal into two or more split optical signals, which are copies of the original optical signal. A wavelength differentiating element is positioned in the path of one of the split optical signals to differentiate and preferably spatially resolve the header wavelengths of the header pulses. An opto-electronic control system, consisting of opto-electronic sensors and an electronic control circuit, generates electronic control signals based on the wavelength-coded information in the header tag. These electronic control signals are used to route one or more of the split optical signals through an optical switch. The network can be made up of one simple switch or a large number of complex switches.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于通过属于光信号的路由标签的波长编码来路由光信号的网络和方法。 路由标签优选地由从报头波长λhi中选择的一个或多个报头脉冲Si组成。 优选地,标题波长λhi不同于由数据使用的波长。 光信号还具有优选地具有优选地具有唯一复位波长λr的一个复位脉冲R的复位标签。 光学数据包含在路由标签和复位标签之间。 网络具有用于将光信号分成两个或更多个分离光信号的分离器,它们是原始光信号的副本。 波长差分元件位于分割光信号中的一个的路径中,以区分并优选地空间地解析标题脉冲的标题波长。 由光电传感器和电子控制电路组成的光电控制系统基于头标中的波长编码信息生成电子控制信号。 这些电子控制信号用于通过光学开关路由一个或多个分离光信号。 网络可以由一个简单的交换机或大量的复杂交换机组成。

    Staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive and method of forming same
    5.
    发明授权
    Staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive and method of forming same 有权
    交错扭转静电梳齿及其形成方法

    公开(公告)号:US06758983B2

    公开(公告)日:2004-07-06

    申请号:US10076296

    申请日:2002-02-13

    IPC分类号: H01L2100

    摘要: A staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes a stationary combteeth assembly and a moving combteeth assembly with a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is positioned entirely above the stationary combteeth assembly by a predetermined vertical displacement during a combdrive resting state. A method of fabricating the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive includes the step of deep trench etching a stationary combteeth assembly in a first wafer. A second wafer is bonded to the first wafer to form a sandwich including the first wafer, an oxide layer, and the second wafer. A moving combteeth assembly is formed in the second wafer. The moving combteeth assembly includes a mirror and a torsional hinge. The moving combteeth assembly is separated from the first wafer by the oxide layer. The oxide layer is subsequently removed to release the staggered torsional electrostatic combdrive.

    摘要翻译: 交错的扭转静电梳状驱动器包括固定的组合组件和具有反射镜和扭转铰链的移动梳状组件。 移动的组合组件在梳齿装置静止状态期间完全位于固定组合组件上方预定的垂直位移。 制造交错扭转静电梳齿驱动器的方法包括在第一晶片中深沟槽蚀刻静止梳组件的步骤。 第二晶片结合到第一晶片以形成包括第一晶片,氧化物层和第二晶片的夹层。 在第二晶片中形成移动的组合组件。 移动的组合组件包括反射镜和扭转铰链。 移动的组合组件通过氧化物层与第一晶片分离。 随后去除氧化物层以释放交错的扭转静电梳状驱动。

    Dynamic sectorization in a CDMA cellular system employing centralized base-station architecture
    6.
    发明授权
    Dynamic sectorization in a CDMA cellular system employing centralized base-station architecture 有权
    采用集中式基站架构的CDMA蜂窝系统中的动态扇区化

    公开(公告)号:US06353600B1

    公开(公告)日:2002-03-05

    申请号:US09562598

    申请日:2000-04-29

    IPC分类号: H04Q700

    摘要: This invention provides a cellular network architecture in which traffic channel resources are centralized and dynamically allocated to remote cells according to the demand. The present invention provides a method for maximizing capacity resources by dynamically sectorizing cells in a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) cellular network. The present invention further provides a CDMA cellular communications network in which centralized traffic channel resources are distributed to remote cells by use of WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) on optical fibers and remote cells are dynamically sectorized according to the traffic demand and the grade-of-service requirement. The primary advantage of the present invention is that it enables a cellular network to dynamically manage and optimally utilize its capacity resources without having to change its hardware design, in contrast to the static and passive nature of the prior art cellular networks. The present invention provides a cost-effective build-out strategy for cellular network operators.

    摘要翻译: 本发明提供一种蜂窝网络架构,其中业务信道资源根据需要被集中并动态分配给远端小区。 本发明提供了一种通过在CDMA(码分多址)蜂窝网络中动态地划分小区来最大化容量资源的方法。 本发明还提供了一种CDMA蜂窝通信网络,其中集中业务信道资源通过在光纤上使用WDM(波分复用)​​而分散到远端小区,而远程小区根据业务需求和等级 服务要求。 本发明的主要优点在于,与现有技术的蜂窝网络的静态和被动特性相反,它使得蜂窝网络能够动态地管理和优化利用其容量资源,而不必改变其硬件设计。 本发明为蜂窝网络运营商提供了具有成本效益的建立策略。

    Monolithic wavelength meter and photodetector using a wavelength
dependent reflector
    8.
    发明授权
    Monolithic wavelength meter and photodetector using a wavelength dependent reflector 失效
    单片波长计和使用波长相关反射器的光电探测器

    公开(公告)号:US5760419A

    公开(公告)日:1998-06-02

    申请号:US688866

    申请日:1996-07-31

    摘要: A compact and cost-effective wavelength meter and photodetector (10) that can measure simultaneously both wavelength and intensity has two back-to-back photodiodes (12 and 14) with a wavelength dependent distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) (28) positioned in-between. The wavelength resolution of this device is 1 nm or less. Easy design and fabrication of the device provides for reliable and cost-effective manufacturing. Applications include instrumentation and wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) in optical communication systems.

    摘要翻译: 可同时测量波长和强度的紧凑且具有成本效益的波长计和光电检测器(10)具有两个背对背光电二极管(12和14),其中波长相关分布布拉格反射器(DBR)(28) 之间。 该器件的波长分辨率为1nm以下。 该设备的简单设计和制造提供了可靠和具有成本效益的制造。 应用包括光通信系统中的仪器和波分复用(WDM)。

    Tandem coupled cavity lasers with separate current control and high
parasitic resistance between them for bistability and negative
resistance characteristics and use thereof for optical disc readout
    9.
    发明授权
    Tandem coupled cavity lasers with separate current control and high parasitic resistance between them for bistability and negative resistance characteristics and use thereof for optical disc readout 失效
    串联耦合腔体激光器,具有独立的电流控制和它们之间的高寄生电阻,用于双稳态和负电阻特性,并用于光盘读出

    公开(公告)号:US4562569A

    公开(公告)日:1985-12-31

    申请号:US337096

    申请日:1982-01-05

    摘要: A two-segment contact buried heterostructure (BH) laser is pumped by a current applied to its absorber contact from a source of high impedance on the order of 100K.OMEGA. or more. The parasitic resistance between the absorber contact and the gain contact is high on the order of 10K.OMEGA.. For a given absorber (bias) current the laser exhibits a relatively wide hysteresis on the order of 1 mA or more in the light vs. gain contact current. Such a laser is highly useful as a bistable optical element. The laser is also bistable with selected pump gain and absorber currents to exhibit a wide hysteresis of voltage across the absorber contact vs. relative amounts of light which is reflected back to the laser as feedback. The laser serve both as a light source and as a detector for reading out binary information stored as light reflective spots on a medium, e.g. a video disk.

    摘要翻译: 双段触点掩埋异质结构(BH)激光器由施加到其吸收器触点的电流从大约100KΩ或更大的高阻抗源泵浦。 吸收器触点和增益触点之间的寄生电阻高达10K欧姆的数量级。 对于给定的吸收体(偏压)电流,激光器在光与增益接触电流之间呈现大约1mA或更大的滞后。 这样的激光器作为双稳态光学元件是非常有用的。 激光器还具有选定的泵浦增益和吸收器电流双稳态,以在吸收器接触之间表现出相对于作为反馈反射回激光器的相对光量的宽的滞后。 激光器既用作光源又用作检测器,用于读取存储在介质上的光反射点的二进制信息,例如, 一个视频盘。

    Magneto-optic modulator using dielectric mirrors
    10.
    发明授权
    Magneto-optic modulator using dielectric mirrors 失效
    使用电介质镜的磁光调制器

    公开(公告)号:US4239337A

    公开(公告)日:1980-12-16

    申请号:US46954

    申请日:1979-06-08

    IPC分类号: G02F1/09

    CPC分类号: G02F1/09

    摘要: A magneto-optic modulator of the bounce-cavity type is disclosed wherein the mirrors that are attached to the garnet crystal to provide the reflections are multilayered dielectric mirrors. By polarizing the input beam such that its E vector is perpendicular to the plane of incidence substantially total reflection is achieved from the mirrors and all of the input beam emerges from the garnet crystal. A metal film deposited on a plane of the crystal that is perpendicular to the mirrors permits the establishment of a magnetic field that is substantially parallel to the reflected beams within the crystal. When the field is established by passing current through the film, much of the light is lost during each of the reflections since substantial amounts of the polarized light having polarizations in the plane of incidence are coupled through the dielectric mirrors. Hence the intensity of the output beam is modulated by the current in the metal film.

    摘要翻译: 公开了一种反弹型磁光调制器,其中连接到石榴石晶体以提供反射的反射镜是多层电介质镜。 通过使输入光束偏振使其E矢量垂直于入射平面,基本上从反射镜获得全反射,并且所有的输入光束从石榴石晶体出射。 沉积在与镜子垂直的晶体平面上的金属膜允许建立基本上平行于晶体内的反射光束的磁场。 当通过使电流通过膜建立场时,由于在入射平面中具有极化的大量偏振光通过电介质镜耦合,所以在每次反射期间大部分光损失。 因此,输出光束的强度由金属膜中的电流调制。