摘要:
A integrated mass memory device is formed by combining a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever (214) with a recording surface (212) having a number of storage locations to and from which digital information is transferred using a scanning tunneling microscope or an atomic force microscope mode of operation. Controls circuits (240) are provided for controlling the scanning of the recording surface (212) and for writing and reading information into and from the recording surface. An image storage system stores images captured from an optical sensor using piezoelectric bimorph cantilevers for reading and writing digital information on recording surfaces.
摘要:
A microfabricated microscope assembly including a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever arm mounted at one end to a first substrate. The free end of the canitlever arm has a tip mounted thereto for scanning a scanned surface mounted on a second substrate. The cantilever arm and the substrate are configured to carry out a predetermined write or read mode of operation, such as scanning tunneling microscopy or atomic force microscopy. The two substrates are spaced apart a fixed distance by spacer feet which project from one of the substrates and which have their ends fixed to ther surface of the other substrate by eutectic, aniodic, or adhesive bonding. An array of microfabricated microscope assemblies is formed using a plurality of individual assemblies. A number of different write/read modes of operation are accommodated, such as charge storage, molecular attachment, or magnetic domains. An array of piezoelectric cantilever arms having tips fixed to the free ends thereof and mounted to a substrate form are used to scan a scanned surface. The array is moved laterally with respect to the scanned surface using mechanical actuators as micropositioners for coarse positioning and using the piezoelectric cantilever arms for fine positioning.
摘要:
A dielectric cantilever arm stylus with an integrally formed pyramidal tip is provided. The tip is molded in a pyramidal pit etched in a later-removed (100) silicon substrate. An integrally-formed cantilever arm is also formed as the tip is being formed. Various thin film materials form the cantilever arm and the tip. In one embodiment of the invention, the dielectric is silicon nitride. The cantilever arm is anodically bonded to a glass block.
摘要:
A cantilever stylus with an integrally formed conical tip is provided for atomic force microscopy AFM. The method for forming a stylus includes forming a circular masking pattern on the surface of a silicon substrate and anisotropically etching the silicon to form a post under the masking pattern. The post is then isotropically etched to produce a conical silicon tip mold. In one embodiment of the invention the silicon substrate and the conical silicon tip mold are thermally oxidized to form a cantilever stylus having including a cantilever arm with a conical tip fixed to its free end. In another embodiment of the invention the silicon substrate and the conical silicon tip mold are coated with a thin film of a dielectric material to form a cantilever stylus with a conical tip. In this embodiment the backside of the stylus is coated with a conductive material and a strong electric field is applied to the tip to cause electromigration of the conductive material to the point of the tip.
摘要:
A dielectric cantilever arm stylus with an integrally formed pyramidal tip is provided. The tip is molded in a pyramidal pit etched in a later-removed (100) silicon substrate. An integrally-formed cantilever arm is also formed as the tip is being formed. Various thin film materials form the cantilever arm and the tip. In one embodiment of the invention, the dielectric is silicon nitride. The cantilever arm is anodically bonded to a glass block.
摘要:
A system for tracking a product from origin to destination is disclosed. The system includes a probe that comprises two plates, a power source and a processor. The power source is controlled by the processor to produce an oscillating output at the plates. Using the oscillating voltage, the probe interrogates a device through capacitive coupling. The device includes a control unit, a memory unit, and first and second materials physically associated with the device for communication using capacitive coupling. Information associated with the device is transferred from the device to the probe through capacitive coupling between the first and second materials and the first and second plates, respectively.
摘要:
One embodiment of the present invention provides a system for automatically optimizing CRT procedures using a multi-electrode pacing lead. During operation, the system performs a first set of iterations to select one or more satellites on one or more pacing leads inserted in a patient. A pacing lead includes a plurality of pacing satellites, and a pacing satellite includes a plurality of electrodes that can be individually addressed and used for transmitting or detecting electric signals. The system then performs a second set of iterations to select one or more electrodes on the selected satellites. The system further performs a third set of iterations to select one or more timing configurations for pacing signals transmitted through one or more of the selected electrodes.
摘要:
Techniques for controlling one or more modular circuits (“satellites”) that are intended for placement in a subject's body. The one or more satellites are controlled by sending signals over a bus that includes first and second conduction paths. Also coupled to the bus in system embodiments is a device such as a pacemaker that provides power and includes control circuitry. Each satellite includes satellite circuitry and one or more effectors that interact with the tissue. The satellite circuitry is coupled to the bus, and thus interfaces the controller to the one or more effectors, which may function as actuators, sensors, or both. The effectors may be electrodes that are used to introduce analog electrical signals (e.g., one or more pacing pulses) into the tissue in the local areas where the electrodes are positioned (e.g., heart muscles) or to sense analog signals (e.g., a propagating depolarization signal) within the tissue.
摘要:
Techniques for controlling one or more modular circuits (“satellites”) that are intended for placement in a subject's body. The one or more satellites are controlled by sending signals over a bus that includes first and second conduction paths. Also coupled to the bus in system embodiments is a device such as a pacemaker that provides power and includes control circuitry. Each satellite includes satellite circuitry and one or more effectors that interact with the tissue. The satellite circuitry is coupled to the bus, and thus interfaces the controller to the one or more effectors, which may function as actuators, sensors, or both. The effectors may be electrodes that are used to introduce analog electrical signals (e.g., one or more pacing pulses) into the tissue in the local areas where the electrodes are positioned (e.g., heart muscles) or to sense analog signals (e.g., a propagating depolarization signal) within the tissue.
摘要:
Low profile antennas for ingestible devices, such as ingestible event markers, are provided. Aspects of the ingestible devices of the invention include low profile signal transmission antennas configured such that they are flexible or degrade after use, allowing the antenna and attached components to pass easily through the body. Embodiments of the low profile antennas are configured to emit a detectable signal upon contact with a target physiological site. Also provided are methods of making and using the devices of the invention.