Abstract:
A process includes hydrogenating, in a reaction zone, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon received from a hydrocarbon stream to yield a product having an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the hydrogenating step occurring in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst which has a selectivity for conversion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to the unsaturated hydrocarbon of about 90 mol % or greater based on the moles of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon which are converted to the product, the hydrogenating step occurring in a reaction zone under conditions which include a flow index (IF) in a range of about 0.09 to about 35, wherein the IF is defined as: I F = F × [ CO ] V , wherein F is the flow rate of the hydrocarbon stream into the reaction zone in units of kg/h, [CO] is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream in units of mol %, and V is the volume of the reaction zone in units of ft3.
Abstract:
A system of reforming reactors comprises a plurality of reactors coupled by flow lines, a feed header coupled to the plurality of reactors by a plurality of feed lines, an effluent header coupled to the plurality of reactors by a plurality of effluent lines, and a plurality of valves disposed in the flow lines, the feed lines, and the effluent lines. Each reactor comprises a reforming catalyst, and the plurality of valves are capable of being dynamically operated to create a first serial flow path through the plurality of reactors. The plurality of valves is further configured to dynamically reconnect the plurality of reactors to create a second serial flow path through the plurality of reactors. A first reactor of the plurality of reactors is adjacent to a second reactor of the plurality of reactors in the first serial flow path, and the first reactor is not adjacent to the second reactor in the second serial flow path.
Abstract:
A process includes hydrogenating, in a reaction zone, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon received from a hydrocarbon stream to yield a product having an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the hydrogenating step occurring in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst which has a selectivity for conversion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to the unsaturated hydrocarbon of about 90 mol % or greater based on the moles of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon which are converted to the product, the hydrogenating step occurring in a reaction zone under conditions which include a flow index (IF) in a range of about 0.09 to about 35, wherein the IF is defined as: I F = F × [ CO ] V , wherein F is the flow rate of the hydrocarbon stream into the reaction zone in units of kg/h, [CO] is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream in units of mol %, and V is the volume of the reaction zone in units of ft3.
Abstract:
Methods and systems for improved catalytic reforming are disclosed. A method of catalytic reforming includes feeding a feedstream comprising C6-convertibles to one or more reactors; contacting the feedstream with a reforming catalyst; selecting values for a LHSV, a H2/HC ratio, and a conversion of C6-convertibles from a deactivation kinetic model so as to maximize a net present amount of benzene produced over a run-length of the reforming catalyst; operating the one or more reactors at the selected LHSV, the selected H2/HC ratio, and the selected conversion of C6-convertibles; and recovering an effluent from the reactor, wherein the effluent comprises at least about 40 wt % benzene.
Abstract:
A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting a support with a palladium-containing compound to form a supported-palladium composition; contacting the supported-palladium composition with an organophosphorus compound and a weak acid to form a catalyst composition; and reducing the catalyst composition to form the catalyst. A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting an alumina support with a palladium-containing compound to form a supported-palladium composition; contacting the supported-palladium composition with silver nitrate and potassium fluoride to form a mixture; contacting the mixture with an organophosphorus compound and a weak acid to form a catalyst precursor; and reducing the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst.
Abstract:
A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting a support with a palladium-containing compound to form a supported-palladium composition; contacting the supported-palladium composition with an organophosphorus compound and a weak acid to form a catalyst composition; and reducing the catalyst composition to form the catalyst. A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting an alumina support with a palladium-containing compound to form a supported-palladium composition; contacting the supported-palladium composition with silver nitrate and potassium fluoride to form a mixture; contacting the mixture with an organophosphorus compound and a weak acid to form a catalyst precursor; and reducing the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst.
Abstract:
A composition comprising a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising palladium and an organophosphorous compound, the supported hydrogenation catalyst being capable of selectively hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons. A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting a support with a palladium-containing compound to form a palladium supported composition, contacting the palladium supported composition with an organophosphorus compound to form a catalyst precursor, and reducing the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst. A method of selectively hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to an unsaturated hydrocarbon enriched composition comprising contacting a supported catalyst comprising palladium and an organophosphorous compound with a feed comprising highly unsaturated hydrocarbon under conditions suitable for hydrogenating at least a portion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon feed to form the unsaturated hydrocarbon enriched composition.
Abstract:
A composition comprising an extruded inorganic support comprising an oxide of a metal or metalloid, and at least one catalytically active metal, wherein the extruded inorganic support has pores, a total pore volume, and a pore size distribution, wherein the pore size distribution displays at least two peaks of pore diameters, each peak having a maximum, wherein a first peak has a first maximum of pore diameters of equal to or greater than about 120 nm and a second peak has a second maximum of pore diameters of less than about 120 nm, and wherein greater than or equal to about 5% of a total pore volume of the extruded inorganic support is contained within the first peak of pore diameters.
Abstract:
A composition comprising a supported hydrogenation catalyst comprising palladium and an organophosphorous compound, the supported hydrogenation catalyst being capable of selectively hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to unsaturated hydrocarbons. A method of making a selective hydrogenation catalyst comprising contacting a support with a palladium-containing compound to form a palladium supported composition, contacting the palladium supported composition with an organophosphorus compound to form a catalyst precursor, and reducing the catalyst precursor to form the catalyst. A method of selectively hydrogenating highly unsaturated hydrocarbons to an unsaturated hydrocarbon enriched composition comprising contacting a supported catalyst comprising palladium and an organophosphorous compound with a feed comprising highly unsaturated hydrocarbon under conditions suitable for hydrogenating at least a portion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon feed to form the unsaturated hydrocarbon enriched composition.
Abstract:
A process includes hydrogenating, in a reaction zone, a highly unsaturated hydrocarbon received from a hydrocarbon stream to yield a product having an unsaturated hydrocarbon, the hydrogenating step occurring in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst which has a selectivity for conversion of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon to the unsaturated hydrocarbon of about 90 mol % or greater based on the moles of the highly unsaturated hydrocarbon which are converted to the product, the hydrogenating step occurring in a reaction zone under conditions which include a flow index (IF) in a range of about 0.09 to about 35, wherein the IF is defined as: I F = F × [ CO ] V , wherein F is the flow rate of the hydrocarbon stream into the reaction zone in units of kg/h, [CO] is the concentration of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream in units of mol %, and V is the volume of the reaction zone in units of ft3.