摘要:
To provide surface-emitting type semiconductor lasers and methods of manufacturing the same in which the polarization direction of laser light can be readily controlled, a surface-emitting type semiconductor laser includes a vertical resonator above a substrate. The vertical resonator includes a first mirror, an active layer and a second mirror disposed in this order from the substrate. The vertical resonator has a plurality of unit resonators. An emission region of each of the unit resonators has a diameter that oscillates in a single-mode.
摘要:
To provide surface-emitting type semiconductor lasers and methods of manufacturing the same in which the polarization direction of laser light can be readily controlled, a surface-emitting type semiconductor laser includes a vertical resonator above a substrate. The vertical resonator includes a first mirror, an active layer and a second mirror disposed in this order from the substrate. The vertical resonator has a plurality of unit resonators. An emission region of each of the unit resonators has a diameter that oscillates in a single-mode.
摘要:
A surface-emitting type semiconductor laser includes a substrate; a first mirror disposed above the substrate; an active layer disposed above the first mirror; a second mirror disposed above the active layer; a first columnar section including the active layer, the first columnar section not having anisotropy; a first dielectric layer disposed in the first columnar section, the first dielectric layer including a symmetric opening section; a second columnar section disposed above the first columnar section, the second columnar section having an outer wall that has anisotropy; and a second dielectric layer disposed in the second columnar section, the second dielectric layer including an asymmetric opening section.
摘要:
To provide surface-emitting type semiconductor lasers and methods of manufacturing the same in which the polarization direction of laser light can be readily controlled, a surface-emitting type semiconductor laser includes a vertical resonator above a substrate. The vertical resonator includes a first mirror, an active layer and a second mirror disposed in this order from the substrate. The vertical resonator has a plurality of unit resonators. An emission region of each of the unit resonators has a diameter that oscillates in a single-mode.
摘要:
A reliable surface-emitting type semiconductor laser and a method for manufacturing the same, is capable of controlling polarization planes of laser light without lowering the energy usage efficiency. The surface-emitting type semiconductor laser has a first mirror, an active layer and a second mirror formed above a substrate, a first columnar section formed adjacent to the active layer and including a dielectric layer defining an opening section and a second columnar section formed above the first columnar section. A planar configuration of the second columnar section has anisotropy.
摘要:
Disclosed is a method, in which when a liquid material is applied to the application surface of an object of application by using a liquid material supply device having a syringe containing the liquid material and equipped with a needle having at its distal end an ejection hole from which the liquid material is ejected, an image of the distal end of the needle is taken laterally by a horizontal camera together with a height reference mark when an ascent/descent drive system of the liquid material supply device is set to a reference height, and the height position of the distal end of the needle is obtained from the difference between the height of the distal end of the needle and the height of the height reference mark.
摘要:
A chip mounting apparatus capable of permitting a chip mounting operation to be executed at an increased speed and ensuring continuous running of the apparatus over a long period of time. The apparatus includes a chip observing camera mounted on the side of a chip mounting head, a lighting unit mounted on the side of the chip mounting head to light a background of a chip held on a chip suction nozzle of the head, a reflection unit mounted on the side of the chip mounting head to input an image of the chip to the chip observing camera, feeder and stocker sections each adapted to replaceably held a chip storage package therein, and a package replacement mechanism for carrying out replacement of the chip storage package between both sections.
摘要:
A preparation process of a bis(3-nitrophenoxy) compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a direct bond, divalent hydrocarbon having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a divalent group selected from --C(CF.sub.3).sub.2, --CO--, --S--, --SO--, SO.sub.2 --or --O--, which comprises reacting 4,4'-bisphenol with m-dinitrobenzene in the presence of an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydrogen carbonate having a particle size of 250 .mu.m or less while removing generated water from the reaction system during the reaction. In one embodiment of the process, the reaction is carried out while simultaneously adding 4,4'-bisphenol and m-dinitrobenzene to a reaction vessel which was previously charged with the base and an aprotic polar solvent.
摘要:
An ignition apparatus of a capacitor discharge ignition type comprises: an ignition timing signal generator to generate an ignition timing signal synchronized with the rotation of the engine; a capacitor; a blocking oscillator; a rectifier for rectifying the output voltage of the blocking oscillator and applying the rectified voltage to the capacitor thereby charging the capacitor; a switching device which is turned on in response to the ignition timing signal and discharges the stored charges of the capacitor, thereby generating a pulse voltage across the terminals of the primary winding of an ignition coil; and an ignition plug to generate a spark discharge by a high voltage generated in the secondary winding of the ignition coil. The blocking oscillator oscillates concurrently with the engine rotation. When the ignition timing signal is generated, the oscillation of the blocking oscillator is stopped in accordance with a phase of the output voltage of the AC generator. With this apparatus, a vain charging of the capacitor and a vain spark discharge can be prevented when the engine's rotation stops. The generation of a counter torque on the engine can be certainly prevented.
摘要:
A capacitive discharge ignition system has first and second bypass elements. The bypass elements are controlled to effect equal charging from the positive and negative portions of the generator alternating power output, and to provide conductive paths for the ignition current outside the generator winding. This lessens current-induced generation of heat in the generator winding.