摘要:
A gas nozzle measurement apparatus comprises a controllable gas source to provide across a gas plate having gas nozzles, a flow of gas at a constant pressure or constant flow rate, and a sensor plate sized to cover an area comprising at least a portion of the front face of the gas plate. The sensor plate comprises gas flow sensors arranged in locations that correspond to positions of individual gas nozzles of the gas nozzles of the gas plate such that each gas flow sensor can measure a pressure, flow rate, density, or velocity of a gas stream passing through the individual gas nozzle that faces the gas flow sensor, and generate a signal indicative of, or display, the pressure, flow rate, density, or velocity of the gas stream passing through the individual gas nozzle.
摘要:
A process has been developed that significantly reduces moisture absorption of components, resulting in a component which is less susceptible to moisture and adsorption/absorption effects to the components functionality. In one embodiment, a component having reduced susceptibility to moisture exposure includes a component disposed in an air-tight package, the component having a blocking gas disposed in pores on a surface of the component. In another embodiment, a method for preparing a component having reduced susceptibility to moisture exposure includes driving water from a component in a controlled environment, exposing the component in the controlled environment to a blocking gas, removing the component in the controlled environment, and optionally sealing the component in an air-tight package.
摘要:
A retaining ring includes a generally annular upper portion having a top surface configured to be connected to a base of a carrier head and a lower surface, and a plurality of substantially identical arcuate segments detachably secured to the upper portion to form an annular lower portion. Each of the arcuate segments has an upper surface that abuts the lower surface of the upper portion and a bottom surface for contacting a polishing pad during polishing.
摘要:
A system and method for culturing algae are presented. The system and method utilize a fog of growth medium that is delivered to an algal mat generator along with a stream of CO2 to promote growth of algal cells contained in the generator.
摘要:
A polishing pad includes a polymer matrix and polyhedral oligomeric silsequioxane (“POSS”) molecules or soluble particles and a surfactant dispersed within the polymer matrix. A polishing pad can be formed by casting a liquid polymer on a conveyer belt having a casting surface with a set of projections and curing the liquid polymer on the conveyer belt such that a polymer matrix has a surface with a second set of projections complimentary to the first set of projections.
摘要:
A substrate processing apparatus has a process chamber with a substrate support, a gas supply to introduce a gas into the chamber, and a gas energizer to energize the gas in the processing of a substrate, thereby generating an effluent gas. A catalytic reactor has an effluent gas inlet to receive the effluent gas and an effluent gas outlet to exhaust treated effluent gas. A heater is adapted to heat the effluent gas in the catalytic reactor. The heated catalytic treatment of the effluent gas abates the hazardous gases in the effluent. An additive gas source and a prescrubber may also be used to further treat the effluent.
摘要:
In one aspect, a polishing pad includes a homogeneous unitary polishing layer having a polishing surface, an opposed bottom surface, a recess in the polishing surface extending partially but not entirely through the polishing layer, and a solid light-transmissive window is secured in the recess. In another aspect, a polishing pad includes a polishing layer having a polishing surface, and the polishing surface includes a first region having a first plurality of grooves with a first depth extending partially but not entirely through the polishing layer and a second region surrounded by the first region and having a second plurality of grooves with a second depth extending partially but not entirely through the polishing layer, the second depth greater than the first depth.
摘要:
The disclosure encompasses, among other aspects, mixed algal populations able to survive and proliferate on culture media that have a high proportion of an industry wastewater. In particular, at least one strain of an alga in the algal population proliferates mixotrophically. Embodiments further encompass methods of cultivating mixed populations of freshwater and marine alga comprising a plurality of genera and species to provide a biomass from which may be extracted lipids, or converted into biodiesel by such procedures as pyrolysis. Lipid material extracted from the algae may be converted to biodiesel or other organic products. Native algal strains were isolated from industrial and in particular agricultural wastewater inoculated with mixed populations derived from environments exposed to such wastewater. Both fresh water and marine algae showed good growth in wastewaters. About 65% of the algal oil obtained from the algal consortium cultured on an industry wastewater could be converted into biodiesel.
摘要:
Embodiments disclosed herein generally relate to a temperature sensor disposed in an apparatus. In many semiconductor, liquid crystal display, solar panel or organic light emitting display fabrication processes, RF power is utilized to either ignite a plasma within the processing chamber or to provide supplemental energy to the process. Temperature control during many processes may be beneficial in order to produce a consistent product. Temperature sensors or thermocouples are sometimes utilized to measure the temperature of a substrate within a processing chamber. The RF power may have a negative impact on the temperature sensor. By coating the temperature sensor with a nanoparticle based metal coating, such as a silver coating, the negative impacts of the RF power on the temperature sensor may be reduced without contaminating the process, and an accurate temperature measurement may be obtained.
摘要:
The present invention relates to methods and apparatus for improving productivity of chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes and lowering operating costs of CMP systems. Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for improving the ratio of the layer thickness of composite polishing pads for improved removal rates. Embodiments of the present also provide specific polishing pad identification for monitoring and controlling processes developed for the specific pad to improve overall productivity and reduce downtime of the CMP system.