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    Multiple lancet device
    4.
    发明授权
    Multiple lancet device 失效
    多重刺血针装置

    公开(公告)号：US06660018B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-09

    申请号：US09846139

    申请日：2001-04-30

    申请人： Paul Lum ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Leslie A. Leonard ,  Dominique M Freeman

    发明人： Paul Lum ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Leslie A. Leonard ,  Dominique M Freeman

    IPC分类号： A61B1714

    CPC分类号： A61B5/150977 ,  A61B5/150022 ,  A61B5/150068 ,  A61B5/150099 ,  A61B5/150396 ,  A61B5/150427 ,  A61B5/15142 ,  A61B5/157 ,  A61B17/205

    摘要： A device for puncturing the skin of a patient. The device includes first and second protrusions, each protrusion puncturing the skin when pressed against the skin. The first and second protrusions are arranged such that the first protrusion punctures the skin at a location less than a predetermined distance from the second protrusion. The distance is chosen to be less than the discriminatable distance between distinct pain perception points in the patient, such that the patient perceives a single puncture when the first and second protrusions puncture the skin. In one embodiment of the invention, the device includes a base lip that applies a lateral force to the skin when the base lip is pressed against the skin. In this embodiment, the protrusions are pressed into the skin as the base lip is pressed against the skin.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于刺穿患者皮肤的装置。 该装置包括第一和第二突起，每个突出部在压靠皮肤时刺入皮肤。 第一突起和第二突起被布置成使得第一突起在距离第二突起小于预定距离的位置刺穿皮肤。 该距离选择为小于患者中不同疼痛感知点之间的可区分距离，使得当第一和第二突起刺穿皮肤时，患者感知到单次穿刺。 在本发明的一个实施例中，所述装置包括基底唇部，当基底唇被压靠在皮肤上时，所述基部唇缘向皮肤施加横向力。 在该实施例中，当基底唇被压在皮肤上时，突起被压入皮肤。

    Rotary encoder for intravascular ultrasound catheter
    6.
    发明授权
    Rotary encoder for intravascular ultrasound catheter 失效
    旋转编码器用于血管内超声导管

    公开(公告)号：US5485845A

    公开(公告)日：1996-01-23

    申请号：US434616

    申请日：1995-05-04

    申请人： Edward Verdonk ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. ,  Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh

    发明人： Edward Verdonk ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. ,  Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh

    IPC分类号： A61B8/12 ,  A61B19/00 ,  G01S5/24 ,  G01S15/74 ,  G01S15/87 ,  G01S15/89

    CPC分类号： A61B8/12 ,  A61B8/445 ,  A61B8/4461 ,  G01S15/74 ,  G01S15/874 ,  G01S15/8943 ,  A61B2090/3929 ,  G01S5/24

    摘要： An ultrasound system and method for intravascular ultrasonic imaging includes an array of beacons that are fixed to direct ultrasonic energy toward an imaging transducer, with individual beacons being identifiable in order to determine the angular position of the imaging transducer. Based upon the data related to beacon identification, operation of the imaging device is adaptively adjusted in order to compensate for variations in angular velocity of the transducer. Adaptive compensation may be performed by adjusting the pulse repetition rate of transmitted ultrasonic energy, by adjusting the scan conversion algorithm or mapping reflected ultrasonic energy, or by varying control of the drive structure for rotating the transducer. The beacons are preferably piezoelectrically active, but passive beacons may also be used. Position identification may be performed by techniques including amplitude sensing, phase sensing, pulse length sensing, and frequency sensing. As an alternative to rotation of the transducer, ultrasonic signals may be formed at a proximal end of a probe and then conducting the energy to the distal end via a waveguide.

    摘要翻译： 用于血管内超声成像的超声系统和方法包括固定以朝向成像换能器直接超声能量的信标阵列，其中各个信标是可识别的，以便确定成像换能器的角位置。 基于与信标识别相关的数据，自适应地调整成像装置的操作，以补偿换能器的角速度的变化。 可以通过调整扫描转换算法或映射反射的超声能量，或者通过改变用于旋转传感器的驱动结构的控制来调节发射的超声能量的脉冲重复率来执行自适应补偿。 信标优选地是压电有源的，但也可以使用被动信标。 可以通过包括幅度感测，相位感测，脉冲长度感测和频率感测的技术来执行位置识别。 作为换能器旋转的替代方案，可以在探针的近端处形成超声波信号，然后经由波导将能量传导到远端。

    Acoustic arrays and methods for sensing fluid flow
    7.
    发明授权
    Acoustic arrays and methods for sensing fluid flow 失效
    用于感测流体流动的声学阵列和方法

    公开(公告)号：US5485843A

    公开(公告)日：1996-01-23

    申请号：US104510

    申请日：1993-08-09

    申请人： Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. ,  King-Wah W. Yeung

    发明人： Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr. ,  King-Wah W. Yeung

    IPC分类号： A61B8/06 ,  A61B8/14 ,  G01P5/00 ,  G01P5/24 ,  G01P13/00 ,  G01S15/89

    CPC分类号： G01S15/8922 ,  G01P5/244 ,  G01S15/8925 ,  G01S15/8979

    摘要： Piezoelectric elements in a transducer array are individually excited and used to sense the back-scattered signal from fluid flowing within an interrogation volume. The array is preferably a 2-D phased array with a pitch no greater than one-half the acoustic wavelength of the interrogation signal. By activating the transducer elements as a pattern of concentric rings as viewed from a point of interrogation, and by suitable phasing and range-gating of an interrogation signal, a substantially spherical interrogation volume (SIV) is created. The return signal from the SIV provides an isotropic indication of the speed of flow of the fluid. The focussing distance along an interrogation axis can be changed by changing either the size of the aperture created by the pattern of activated elements or their relative phasing. The interrogation direction can be angled off-axis by activating the transducer elements in a pattern of concentric ellipses. The interrogation axis itself may also be moved off-center by translating the pattern of activated elements. By deforming the activation pattern of the transducer elements from concentric rings to concentric ellipses, the long axes of ellipsoidal interrogation volumes (EIV) can be rotated. The back-scattered signals from these rotated ellipsoidal interrogation volumes indicate the direction of fluid flow.

    摘要翻译： 传感器阵列中的压电元件被单独地激发并用于感测来自在询问体积内流动的流体的反向散射信号。 阵列优选地是具有不大于询问信号的声波长的一半的间距的2-D相控阵列。 通过将激励换能器元件作为从询问点观察到的同心圆形图案，并且通过询问信号的合适的相位和范围选通，产生基本上为球面的询问体积（SIV）。 来自SIV的返回信号提供流体速度的各向同性指示。 可以通过改变由激活元件的图案或其相对定相产生的孔的大小来改变沿询问轴的聚焦距离。 通过以同心椭圆的图案激活换能器元件，询问方向可以离轴成角度。 询问轴本身也可以通过平移激活元件的图案而偏离中心。 通过将换能器元件的激活模式从同心环变形为同心椭圆，可以旋转椭圆询问体积（EIV）的长轴。 来自这些旋转的椭圆询问体积的反向散射信号指示流体流动的方向。

    Tunable acoustic resonator for clinical ultrasonic transducers
    8.
    发明授权
    Tunable acoustic resonator for clinical ultrasonic transducers 失效
    用于临床超声波换能器的可调谐声谐振器

    公开(公告)号：US5438554A

    公开(公告)日：1995-08-01

    申请号：US203216

    申请日：1994-02-28

    申请人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Turuvekere R. Gururaja ,  Henry Yoshida

    发明人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Turuvekere R. Gururaja ,  Henry Yoshida

    IPC分类号： A61B8/14 ,  B06B1/06 ,  G01N29/24 ,  G10K11/02 ,  H04R17/00

    CPC分类号： G10K11/02 ,  B06B1/0622

    摘要： A tunable ultrasonic probe includes a body of a first piezoelectric material acoustically coupled in series with a body of a second piezoelectric material. The second piezoelectric material has a Curie temperature that is substantially different than that of the first piezoelectric material. Preferably, the first piezoelectric material is a conventional piezoelectric ceramic, such as lead zirconate titanate, while the second piezoelectric material is a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic, such as lead magnesium niobate. At an operating temperature of the probe, the first piezoelectric material has a fixed polarization. In contrast, the second piezoelectric material has a polarization that is variable relative to the fixed polarization of the first piezoelectric material. A preferred novel arrangement of electrodes electrically couples the bodies in parallel with one another. An oscillating voltage for exciting the acoustic signals in the probe is coupled with the electrodes. The polarization of the second piezoelectric material is variably controlled by a bias voltage coupled with the electrodes. In a preferred embodiment, the bias voltage has a reversible electrical polarity for selecting one resonant frequency from a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe. In another preferred embodiment, the bias voltage source has a variable voltage level for selecting at least one of a plurality of resonant frequencies of the probe.

    摘要翻译： 可调谐超声波探头包括与第二压电材料的主体串联耦合的第一压电材料的主体。 第二压电材料具有与第一压电材料基本不同的居里温度。 优选地，第一压电材料是诸如锆钛酸铅的常规压电陶瓷，而第二压电材料是诸如铌酸铅镁之类的弛豫铁电陶瓷。 在探针的工作温度下，第一压电材料具有固定的极化。 相反，第二压电材料具有相对于第一压电材料的固定极化可变的极化。 电极的优选新颖布置使得主体彼此平行地电耦合。 用于激发探针中的声信号的振荡电压与电极耦合。 第二压电材料的极化可通过与电极耦合的偏置电压来可变地控制。 在优选实施例中，偏置电压具有可逆的电极性，用于从探头的多个谐振频率中选择一个谐振频率。 在另一个优选实施例中，偏置电压源具有用于选择探头的多个谐振频率中的至少一个的可变电压电平。

    Method of forming small geometry patterns on piezoelectric membrane films
    9.
    发明授权
    Method of forming small geometry patterns on piezoelectric membrane films 失效
    在压电薄膜上形成小几何图案的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5403701A

    公开(公告)日：1995-04-04

    申请号：US085848

    申请日：1993-06-30

    申请人： Paul Lum ,  Belinda J. Kendle ,  Michael Greenstein

    发明人： Paul Lum ,  Belinda J. Kendle ,  Michael Greenstein

    IPC分类号： G03F7/26 ,  G03F7/00 ,  G03F7/38 ,  H01L41/22 ,  H01L41/26 ,  H05K3/04

    CPC分类号： G03F7/38 ,  G03F7/00 ,  H01L41/29 ,  H05K3/048

    摘要： A method of patterning interconnect lines on a flexible membrane film of piezoelectric material includes securing the membrane film to a temporary support structure to allow direct patterning of the interconnect lines. A barrier plane is deposited onto the membrane film. A photoresist then coats the barrier plane. In a subsequent step of photolithographically exposing the photoresist, the barrier plane acts as a screen to prevent radiation from reaching the membrane film. The barrier film is also used as a focusing and alignment structure during photolithographic exposure. Optionally, the resulting structure is soaked in chlorobenzene, with the barrier plane functioning to prevent diffusion of the chlorobenzene through the back side of the porous membrane film to form undesired development-retarding regions of the photoresist. Openings are formed in the photoresist during a development step. A metallic interconnect layer is then deposited. A portion of the interconnect layer enters the openings in the photoresist for deposit onto the barrier plane. The barrier plane ensures proper adhesion of the interconnect layer. Lift-off techniques remove the photoresist and unwanted portions of the interconnect layer. The remaining portions of the interconnect layer provide an etch mask for patterning the barrier plane.

    摘要翻译： 在压电材料的柔性膜膜上构图互连线的方法包括将膜膜固定到临时支撑结构以允许互连线的直接图案化。 屏障平面沉积在膜膜上。 然后，光致抗蚀剂涂覆屏障平面。 在光刻曝光光刻胶的后续步骤中，屏障平面用作屏幕以防止辐射到达膜膜。 在光刻曝光期间，阻挡膜也用作聚焦和对准结构。 任选地，将所得结构浸泡在氯苯中，其中屏障平面用于防止氯苯通过多孔膜膜的背面扩散以形成光致抗蚀剂的不期望的显影延迟区域。 在显影步骤中在光致抗蚀剂中形成开口。 然后沉积金属互连层。 互连层的一部分进入光致抗蚀剂中的开口以沉积到屏障平面上。 屏障平面确保互连层的适当粘附。 剥离技术去除了光致抗蚀剂和互连层的不想要的部分。 互连层的其余部分提供用于图案化屏障平面的蚀刻掩模。

    Elevation aperture control of an ultrasonic transducer
    10.
    发明授权
    Elevation aperture control of an ultrasonic transducer 失效
    超声波换能器的高程孔径控制

    公开(公告)号：US5396143A

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-07

    申请号：US246593

    申请日：1994-05-20

    申请人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr.

    发明人： Mir S. Seyed-Bolorforosh ,  Michael Greenstein ,  Hewlett E. Melton, Jr.

    IPC分类号： A61B8/00 ,  B06B1/06 ,  H01L41/09 ,  H04R17/00 ,  H04R17/08 ,  H01L41/08

    CPC分类号： B06B1/06 ,  B06B1/0622 ,  H04R17/08

    摘要： An ultrasonic transducer for controlling an elevation aperture utilizes the electric field-induced polarization properties of relaxor ferroelectric materials. The Curie temperature of the material is typically close to room temperature, so that the application of a bias voltage provides piezoelectric activity. By varying the thickness of a dielectric layer that spaces apart the relaxor ferroelectric material from an electrode or providing the bias voltage, the piezoelectric activity can be tailored. That is, degrees of polarization of the relaxor ferroelectric material are varied spatially in correspondence with changes in thickness of the dielectric layer. The effective elevation aperture of the transducer can be varied by adjusting the bias voltage.

    摘要翻译： 用于控制仰角孔的超声换能器利用了弛豫铁电材料的电场诱导极化特性。 材料的居里温度通常接近室温，因此施加偏置电压提供压电活性。 通过改变将弛豫铁电体材料与电极隔开或提供偏置电压的电介质层的厚度，可以调整压电活性。 也就是说，弛豫铁电材料的偏振度根据电介质层的厚度的变化在空间上变化。 可以通过调整偏置电压来改变传感器的有效仰角孔径。