摘要:
After an initial starting single color may or may not be provided, the user may indicate a global sensation, such as morning, so that all colors inputted thereafter will be modified by the global sensation, or input a basic color, such as blue. In either case, menu driven user input information may include any number of human sensations relating to color for modifying the previously compounded color. In each case, the newly compounded color is displayed in a color display area on the screen. Thus formed, new colors may be named and stored to be retrieved at a later date. The menus on the display screen may be grouped according to basic decisions, basic colors, and compounding modifications according to human sensations, which latter may be subgrouped according to specific types of sensations such as mood, feeling, temperature, and the like.
摘要:
An exhaust emission control device includes a reducing agent adding valve for injecting a reducing agent into an exhaust pipe. The adding valve has a tip end portion having a nozzle and facing an internal space of the exhaust pipe. The tip end portion is disposed outwardly of an inner circumferential surface of the exhaust pipe. The adding valve is kept out of direct striking contact with the exhaust gas and hence is substantially free from thermal degradation and adhesion of deposits.
摘要:
An exhaust emission control apparatus is provided which is equipped with an additive injector to inject additive such as a urea aqueous solution into an exhaust pipe through which exhaust emissions flow. The exhaust pipe includes a straight section and a bent section. A catalyst such as a SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst is disposed downstream of the straight section. A hollow protrusion is formed on an outer peripheral wall of the bent section substantially in parallel to a longitudinal center line of the straight section. The protrusion has an opening formed in one of opposed ends thereof which communicates with inside the bent section. The additive injector is designed to produce a cone-shaped spray of additive and installed on the other end of the protrusion to inject the cone-shaped spray of additive into the exhaust pipe without interfering with at least a downstream edge of the opening.
摘要:
An additive agent injection valve and a catalyst unit are formed on an exhaust gas tube in an exhaust gas purifying system. The additive agent injection valve injects urea solution into exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas passage. The additive agent injection valve has a first spray part having a first traveling distance and a second spray part having a second traveling distance which is longer than the first traveling distance.
摘要:
In a common rail fuel injection system, a fuel pump pressure-feeds fuel to a common rail, which accumulates the fuel at high pressure corresponding to fuel injection pressure. An electronic control unit (ECU) drives and controls a suction control valve provided in the fuel pump to regulate a pressure-feeding amount of the fuel and to perform fuel pressure feedback control. The ECU calculates a differential term of a control amount of the suction control valve based on a pressure deviation of the fuel pressure in the common rail with respect to target pressure. The ECU sets the differential term at zero when the fuel pressure is higher than the target pressure and the differential term of the control amount is a value for pressure-feeding the fuel.
摘要:
An exhaust emission control device has an additive valve and a control unit to decrease nitrogen oxides contained in an exhaust gas by means of a reducing agent. The control unit sets a valve opening period of time and a valve closing period of time alternately elapsing in a repetition cycle. The control unit controls the valve to discharge the agent into the exhaust gas during each valve opening period and to stop discharging the agent during each valve closing period. The control unit sets the valve opening period to be shortened as a flow rate of the exhaust gas is lowered, so that a penetration force of the reducing agent is appropriately set. The control unit sets the repetition cycle at a value depending on the flow rate of the nitrogen oxides to sufficiently deoxidize the nitrogen oxides by means of the agent.
摘要:
An insulation film on a substrate is subjected to a plasma treatment using a gas containing at least either of a CH-based gas and a CO-based gas, whereby variations in the dielectric constant of the insulation film and adsorption of water onto the insulation film can be suppressed.
摘要:
An exhaust emission control device has an additive valve and a control unit to decrease nitrogen oxides contained in an exhaust gas by means of a reducing agent. The control unit sets a valve opening period of time and a valve closing period of time alternately elapsing in a repetition cycle. The control unit controls the valve to discharge the agent into the exhaust gas during each valve opening period and to stop discharging the agent during each valve closing period. The control unit sets the valve opening period to be shortened as a flow rate of the exhaust gas is lowered, so that a penetration force of the reducing agent is appropriately set. The control unit sets the repetition cycle at a value depending on the flow rate of the nitrogen oxides to sufficiently deoxidize the nitrogen oxides by means of the agent.
摘要:
An insulation film on a substrate is subjected to a plasma treatment using a gas containing at least either of a CH-based gas and a CO-based gas, whereby variations in the dielectric constant of the insulation film and adsorption of water onto the insulation film can be suppressed.
摘要:
An upper portion of a second clad layer and a contact layer are provided with grooves so as to form a ridge therebetween. An electrode is formed on the ridge. An insulation film is formed to extent on side surfaces of the ridge, on the inside of the grooves, and those portions of the contact layer which are located on the outside of the grooves. The thickness of those portions of the insulation film which are located on the contact layer in the areas on the outside of the grooves is set to be greater than at least the thickness of the electrode. Besides, a pad electrode is formed to cover the electrode and to extend on the insulation film on the upper side of the areas on the outside of the grooves. The upper surfaces of those portions of the pad electrode which are located on the upper side of the areas on the outside of the grooves are set to be above the upper surface of that portion of the pad electrode which is located on the upper side of the ridge.