公开(公告)号：US5909119A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-01

申请号：US768993

申请日：1996-12-18

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  David M. Goldhaber ,  Ching Yao ,  Hsu Chang

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  David M. Goldhaber ,  Ching Yao ,  Hsu Chang

IPC分类号： G01R33/48 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/54 ,  G01N3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/4828 ,  G01R33/4835

摘要： A method and apparatus for obtaining three MRI image data in a single data acquisition TR interval for use in constructing separate water and fat images by appropriate processing of the three images data is disclosed. The three image data are obtained in one exemplary embodiment by sandwiching a spin echo between two field echoes. The invention can also be used for multiple-echo and multiple-slice 3D scans.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于通过适当处理三个图像数据来构建单独的水和脂肪图像的单个数据采集TR间隔中的三个MRI图像数据的方法和装置。 在一个示例性实施例中，通过在两个场回波之间夹住自旋回波来获得三个图像数据。 本发明也可用于多回波和多层3D扫描。

公开(公告)号：US5652514A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-29

申请号：US621240

申请日：1996-03-25

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  David M. Goldhaber

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  David M. Goldhaber

IPC分类号： G01R33/54 ,  A61B5/055 ,  G01R33/565 ,  G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/56563

摘要： Methods and apparatus for correcting image artefacts caused by variations in the main magnetic field of an MRI system are disclosed, particularly for MRI with steady-state spin precession. For field correction in MRI with steady-state spin precession, the effects of the field changes can be corrected by quantifying the time course of the field drifts by repeated acquisition of the zero k-space lines. The change in the phase between consecutive zero k-space lines is used as an indicator of field variation and for correction of associated image artifacts. By using for field correction the zero k-space lines acquired using the imaging sequence itself, the steady-states of spin precession are undisturbed throughout the MRI data acquisition.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于校正由MRI系统的主磁场的变化引起的图像伪像的方法和装置，特别是对于具有稳态旋转进动的MRI。 对于具有稳态自旋进动的MRI中的场校正，可以通过重复采集零k空间线来量化场漂移的时间过程来校正场变化的影响。 使用连续零k空间线之间的相位变化作为场变化的指示符和用于校正相关联的图像伪像。 通过使用场校正，使用成像序列本身获取的零k空间线，自旋进动的稳态在整个MRI数据采集期间不受干扰。

公开(公告)号：US06263228B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09141338

申请日：1998-08-27

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  Andrew Li

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer ,  Andrew Li

IPC分类号： A61B505

CPC分类号： G01R33/4828 ,  G01R33/56563

摘要： A method and apparatus for producing water-dominant and fat-dominant MR signal data for use in constructing separate images from single-scan single-point Dixon MRI sequences is disclosed. The effects of field inhomogeneities are removed by quantitating the signal phase by taking the argument of the MR signal multiplied by itself. A region-growing algorithm guided by a polynomial model is used to unwrap the phase which is then used to separately generate water-pixel data and fat-pixel data for producing separate images. The invention can be used for constructing images from both 2-D and 3-D spin-echo and/or field-echo acquisitions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于制造用于构建单扫描单点狄克逊MRI序列的分离图像的水占优势和脂肪占优势的MR信号数据的方法和装置。 通过将MR信号的自变量乘以自身来量化信号相位来消除场不均匀性的影响。 使用由多项式模型引导的区域增长算法用于展开相位，然后用于分开产生用于产生分离图像的水像像素数据和脂肪像素数据。 本发明可用于从2D和3-D自旋回波和/或场回波采集中构建图像。

公开(公告)号：US06603990B2

公开(公告)日：2003-08-05

申请号：US09925520

申请日：2001-08-10

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer

IPC分类号： A61B5055

CPC分类号： G01R33/4828 ,  A61B5/055

摘要： A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is disclosed for generating and identifying water and fat separated MR images. Image data is first acquired to obtain two echo images with the water and fat signals orthogonal in the first echo image, and parallel/anti-parallel in the second echo image. The effect of background field inhomogeneties are removed, and water and fat images are separated from each other. The separated water and fat images are identified according to the difference of their precessing frequencies.

公开(公告)号：US07218110B2

公开(公告)日：2007-05-15

申请号：US11217405

申请日：2005-09-02

申请人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer

发明人： Weiguo Zhang ,  David M. Kramer

IPC分类号： G01V3/00

CPC分类号： G01R33/56341

摘要： A method and a system for acquiring diffusion magnetic resonance images with compensation of the effects of eddy currents induced by the diffusion weighting (DW) gradient pulses. Prescan data are first acquired using the same DW sequence to be used for imaging. The prescan data are used to obtain eddy current parameters that model the effects of DW-induced eddy currents under the exact conditions under which DW images are to be acquired. The DW imaging sequence is then slightly modified according to the eddy current parameters and used to acquire DW image data with the effects of DW-induced eddy currents compensated.

摘要翻译： 一种用于获得扩散磁共振图像的方法和系统，其补偿由扩散加权（DW）梯度脉冲引起的涡流的影响。 首先采用相同的DW序列采集预扫描数据，以用于成像。 预扫描数据用于获得涡流参数，其模拟在获得DW图像的确切条件下DW诱导的涡流的影响。 然后根据涡流参数轻微修改DW成像序列，并用于补偿DW诱导的涡流影响的DW图像数据。

公开(公告)号：US08003159B2

公开(公告)日：2011-08-23

申请号：US11108589

申请日：2005-04-18

申请人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang

发明人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang

IPC分类号： B05D3/04

CPC分类号： H01L21/68728 ,  H01L21/67051 ,  H01L21/6708 ,  Y02P80/30

摘要： Methods and systems are provided which are adapted to process a microelectronic topography, particularly in association with an electroless deposition process. In general, the methods may include loading the topography into a chamber, closing the chamber to form an enclosed area, and supplying fluids to the enclosed area. In some embodiments, the fluids may fill the enclosed area. In addition or alternatively, a second enclosed area may be formed about the topography. As such, the provided system may be adapted to form different enclosed areas about a substrate holder. In some cases, the method may include agitating a solution to minimize the accumulation of bubbles upon a wafer during an electroless deposition process. As such, the system provided herein may include a means for agitating a solution in some embodiments. Such a means for agitation may be distinct from the inlet/s used to supply the solution to the chamber.

摘要翻译： 提供了适于处理微电子拓扑的方法和系统，特别是与无电沉积工艺相关联。 通常，方法可以包括将形貌加载到腔室中，关闭腔室以形成封闭区域，并将流体供应到封闭区域。 在一些实施例中，流体可以填充封闭区域。 另外或替代地，围绕地形可以形成第二封闭区域。 因此，所提供的系统可以适于在基板保持器周围形成不同的封闭区域。 在一些情况下，该方法可以包括搅拌溶液以在无电沉积工艺期间使气泡在晶片上的累积最小化。 因此，本文提供的系统可以包括在一些实施例中用于搅拌溶液的装置。 用于搅拌的这种手段可能不同于用于将溶液供应到室的入口。

公开(公告)号：US07883739B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-08

申请号：US10462343

申请日：2003-06-16

申请人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang ,  Artur Kolics

发明人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang ,  Artur Kolics

IPC分类号： B05D5/12 ,  H01L21/4763

CPC分类号： H01L21/64 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C18/1605 ,  C23C18/1632 ,  C23C18/1683 ,  C23C18/1803 ,  C23C28/00 ,  C23C28/321 ,  C23C28/322 ,  C23C28/34 ,  C23C28/345 ,  C23C28/3455 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L21/321 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/76864 ,  H01L21/76874 ,  Y10T428/1241 ,  Y10T428/12493 ,  Y10T428/12549 ,  Y10T428/23 ,  Y10T428/24628

摘要： A method is provided which includes forming a metal layer and converting at least a portion of the metal layer to a hydrated metal oxide layer. Another method is provided which includes selectively depositing a dielectric layer upon another dielectric layer and selectively depositing a metal layer adjacent to the dielectric layer. Consequently, a microelectronic topography is formed which includes a metal feature and an adjacent dielectric portion comprising lower and upper layers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic material, respectively. A topography including a metal feature having a single layer with at least four elements lining a lower surface and sidewalls of the metal feature is also provided herein. The fluid/s used to form such a single layer may be analyzed by test equipment configured to measure the concentration of all four elements. In some cases, the composition of the fluid/s may be adjusted based upon the analysis.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法，其包括形成金属层并将金属层的至少一部分转化为水合金属氧化物层。 提供了另一种方法，其包括在另一电介质层上选择性地沉积电介质层，并且选择性地沉积与电介质层相邻的金属层。 因此，形成微电子拓扑，其包括分别包括亲水和疏水材料的下层和上层的金属特征和相邻电介质部分。 本文还提供了包括具有单层的金属特征的地形，其中至少四个元件衬在下表面和金属特征的侧壁。 用于形成这种单层的流体可以通过配置成测量所有四个元素的浓度的测试设备进行分析。 在一些情况下，可以基于分析来调整流体的组成。

公开(公告)号：US06448773B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

申请号：US09512323

申请日：2000-02-24

申请人： Weiguo Zhang

发明人： Weiguo Zhang

IPC分类号： G01V300

CPC分类号： G01R33/56518

摘要： A method and apparatus is disclosed for measuring and compensating the effects of eddy currents induced during NMR imaging operations. A cubic or cylindrical sample is placed in the imaging volume of a MRI system at a position centrally located with respect to the main magnetic field and oriented with its longitudinal axis parallel to a desired measuring direction. A magnetic field gradient pulse is applied for inducing eddy currents as well as for generating a slice-selective spin-echo signal. The spin-echo signal is acquired immediately after the termination of each eddy-current inducing gradient pulse. Two slices are selected along the desired measurement direction at symmetrical equal distance from the center of the main magnetic field. Two spin-echo signals are acquired for each slice with the polarity of the eddy-current inducing gradient pulse reversed between the two echo signals. Quantitative values for eddy-current induced field gradients and B0 oscillations are determined based on the precessing frequencies of the acquired NMR signals. NMR imaging is improved by compensating for eddy currents effects by applying the quantified values of the field gradients and B0 oscillations to set an appropriate pre-emphasis network. Gradient pulses in MRI/MRS pulse sequences may also be selectively pre-distorted or modified to compensate for resulting gradient-switching induced eddy currents. Other aspects of the disclosed method include measuring the time course of gradient switching, altering the pulse sequences to measure eddy currents having long time constants, repeatedly measuring the eddy currents to assist in pre-emphasis adjustments, and measuring EC-induced field gradients and B0 oscillation in the presence of moderately large background field inhomogeneities.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量和补偿在NMR成像操作期间感应的涡流的影响的方法和装置。 将立方体或圆柱形样品放置在相对于主磁场中心定位的位置处的MRI系统的成像体积中，并且其纵向轴线平行于期望的测量方向。 施加磁场梯度脉冲以诱导涡流以及用于产生切片选择性自旋回波信号。 在每个涡电流感生梯度脉冲终止之后立即获取自旋回波信号。 沿着与主磁场中心对称等距的所需测量方向选择两个切片。 对于每个切片获取两个自旋回波信号，其中涡电流感应梯度脉冲的极性在两个回波信号之间相反。 基于获取的NMR信号的进动频率来确定涡流感应场梯度和B0振荡的定量值。 通过应用场梯度和B0振荡的量化值来补偿涡流效应来改善NMR成像，以设置适当的预加重网络。 MRI / MRS脉冲序列中的梯度脉冲也可以被选择性地预失真或修改以补偿所得到的梯度切换感应涡流。 所公开方法的其他方面包括测量梯度切换的时间过程，改变脉冲序列以测量具有长时间常数的涡流，重复测量涡流以辅助预加重调整，以及测量EC诱导的场梯度和B0 存在中等大背景场不均匀性的情况下的振荡。

公开(公告)号：US08586133B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-19

申请号：US13540036

申请日：2012-07-02

申请人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang ,  Artur Kolics

发明人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang ,  Artur Kolics

IPC分类号： C23C20/02 ,  C23C20/04 ,  H01L21/28 ,  H01L21/288

CPC分类号： H01L21/64 ,  C23C8/02 ,  C23C18/1605 ,  C23C18/1632 ,  C23C18/1683 ,  C23C18/1803 ,  C23C28/00 ,  C23C28/321 ,  C23C28/322 ,  C23C28/34 ,  C23C28/345 ,  C23C28/3455 ,  H01L21/288 ,  H01L21/321 ,  H01L21/76843 ,  H01L21/76849 ,  H01L21/76855 ,  H01L21/76856 ,  H01L21/76864 ,  H01L21/76874 ,  Y10T428/1241 ,  Y10T428/12493 ,  Y10T428/12549 ,  Y10T428/23 ,  Y10T428/24628

摘要： A method is provided which includes forming a metal layer and converting at least a portion of the metal layer to a hydrated metal oxide layer. Another method is provided which includes selectively depositing a dielectric layer upon another dielectric layer and selectively depositing a metal layer adjacent to the dielectric layer. Consequently, a microelectronic topography is formed which includes a metal feature and an adjacent dielectric portion comprising lower and upper layers of hydrophilic and hydrophobic material, respectively. A topography including a metal feature having a single layer with at least four elements lining a lower surface and sidewalls of the metal feature is also provided herein. The fluid/s used to form such a single layer may be analyzed by test equipment configured to measure the concentration of all four elements. In some cases, the composition of the fluid/s may be adjusted based upon the analysis.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种方法，其包括形成金属层并将金属层的至少一部分转化为水合金属氧化物层。 提供了另一种方法，其包括在另一电介质层上选择性地沉积电介质层并且选择性地沉积与电介质层相邻的金属层。 因此，形成微电子拓扑，其包括分别包括亲水和疏水材料的下层和上层的金属特征和相邻电介质部分。 本文还提供了包括具有单层的金属特征的地形，其中至少四个元件衬在下表面和金属特征的侧壁。 用于形成这种单层的流体可以通过配置成测量所有四个元素的浓度的测试设备进行分析。 在一些情况下，可以基于分析来调整流体的组成。

公开(公告)号：US20110271905A1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-10

申请号：US13185638

申请日：2011-07-19

申请人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang

发明人： Igor C. Ivanov ,  Weiguo Zhang

IPC分类号： B05C11/00

CPC分类号： H01L21/68728 ,  H01L21/67051 ,  H01L21/6708 ,  Y02P80/30

摘要： Methods and systems are provided which are adapted to process a microelectronic topography, particularly in association with an electroless deposition process. In general, the methods may include loading the topography into a chamber, closing the chamber to form an enclosed area, and supplying fluids to the enclosed area. In some embodiments, the fluids may fill the enclosed area. In addition or alternatively, a second enclosed area may be formed about the topography. As such, the provided system may be adapted to form different enclosed areas about a substrate holder. In some cases, the method may include agitating a solution to minimize the accumulation of bubbles upon a wafer during an electroless deposition process. As such, the system provided herein may include a means for agitating a solution in some embodiments. Such a means for agitation may be distinct from the inlet/s used to supply the solution to the chamber.

摘要翻译： 提供了适于处理微电子拓扑的方法和系统，特别是与无电沉积工艺相关联。 通常，方法可以包括将形貌加载到腔室中，关闭腔室以形成封闭区域，并将流体供应到封闭区域。 在一些实施例中，流体可以填充封闭区域。 另外或替代地，围绕地形可以形成第二封闭区域。 因此，所提供的系统可以适于在基板保持器周围形成不同的封闭区域。 在一些情况下，该方法可以包括搅拌溶液以在无电沉积工艺期间使气泡在晶片上的累积最小化。 因此，本文提供的系统可以包括在一些实施例中用于搅拌溶液的装置。 用于搅拌的这种手段可能不同于用于将溶液供应到室的入口。