Abstract:
It is an object to provide an aluminum oxide-based sintered body and a manufacturing method thereof, according to which all of wear resistance, strength and fracture toughness can be exhibited to a high degree in a single sintered body, and there is provided a method of manufacturing a multi-layer aluminum oxide sintered body having high strength and wear resistance as well as high fracture toughness, that has a structure of at least two layers in which a surface layer is a high-strength wear-resistant layer comprising isometric crystals having a small grain size, and an inner part is a high-fracture-toughness layer constituted from anisotropic crystals, the method comprising the steps of (1) preparing a layered body by forming a layer of an aluminum oxide material that has a purity of at least 90% and contains a grain growth inhibiting agent and a layer of an aluminum oxide material that has a purity of at least 90% and contains a grain growth promoting agent, (2) carrying out setting such that the sintering characteristics and the forming density of the two layers of the layered body under pressureless sintering become approximately the same; and (3) sintering the two layers simultaneously in a single step, and a product manufactured using this method is also provided.
Abstract:
A robot operation teaching method and apparatus includes a three-dimensional measuring system that can measure spatial coordinates corresponding to points designated on camera images, a display able to show a space image from a camera or cameras overlaid by an image of a geometric model corresponding to the space image. A pointing device having at least two degrees of freedom is used to define work trajectories by preparing, in a model space, simple geometric elements corresponding to the actual space image. By using parametric modelling to supply definitions of geometric elements in advance, the geometric elements can be adapted for other tasks by modifying some of the geometric element assignments and parameters associated with the definitions.
Abstract:
A method for the elimination of high-energy ion in an EUV light-radiating device includes irradiating a first target with a first exciting laser to produce a laser-produced plasma EUV light source and causing a high-energy ion generated simultaneously with EUV light to collide against plasma produced by irradiating a second target with a second laser to separate the high-energy ion from the orbit of the EUV light. An apparatus for the elimination of a high-energy ion in an EUV light-radiating device includes a device for irradiating a first target with a first exciting laser to produce a plasma EUV light source and induce emission of EUV light, a device for irradiating a second target with a second laser to produce plasma, and a device for causing a high-energy ion generated simultaneously with the EUV light to be delayed by difference between an ion flight time and plasma expansion time for ion elimination and collide against the plasma to separate the high-energy ion from the orbit of the EUV light.
Abstract:
The present invention provides a chemical reactor for carrying out chemical reactions of substances to be treated in the presence of excess oxygen in which nitrogen oxides can be decomposed and removed with high efficiency and low energy consumption, wherein the catalytic reaction is utilized to reduce the content of excess oxygen during the chemical reactions.
Abstract:
The output current value of a direct-current power source obtained by low-frequency, minute modulation of the input voltage of a switching converter is detected in a circuit having an amplification factor switching function that switches the amplification factor between definite magnitudes synchronizing with the modulation, and by using a signal obtained by demodulating in a discriminator circuit the output of this circuit synchronizing with the modulation to control the switching converter, the power point of the switching converter can be tracked to the maximum power point by following the change in state of the direct current power source.
Abstract:
By varying only the thickness of a known material having superior magnetic characteristics to increase spin polarization without changing the chemical composition, a tunnel magnetoresistive element capable of producing a larger magnetoresistive effect is provided. The tunnel magnetoresistive element includes an underlayer (nonmagnetic or antiferromagnetic metal film); an ultrathin ferromagnetic layer disposed on the underlayer; an insulating layer disposed on the ultrathin ferromagnetic layer; and a ferromagnetic electrode disposed on the insulating layer.
Abstract:
An organometal having as molecular structural elements both a semiconductor anion atom and cation atom is applied to a substrate and reacted under heating to obtain p-type and n-type semiconductor thin films whose p-n junctions enable fabrication of a semiconductor device, light-emitting element or solar cell.
Abstract:
This invention is a method of manufacturing oxide porous bodies and components of alumina and magnesia, using alumina and magnesia powders as raw materials, wherein (1) cold isostatic pressure (CIP) of at least 100 MPa is applied to the materials to introduce a plastic deformation with lattice disorder in the surface vicinity without external changes in the particles, (2) by sintering (calcining) the powders with the above described plastic deformation, the microscopic plastic deformation is removed and, at the same time, formation and growth of necks between grains is induced, (3) from the above described steps (1) and (2), a highly porous body with a structure constituted by a three dimensional network of grains connected through the necks is produced.
Abstract:
There is provided an optical system for measurement of optical constant capable of measuring the absolute reflectance and the absolute transmittance for determining the optical constant of a substance with excellent accuracy without replacing the optical system during the measurement by using a different system for measuring the absolute reflectance and the absolute transmittance of the sample, comprising an incoming side beam switching mirror for selectively switching the direction of the light from a light source to a first or second converged light reflecting means side, first and second converged light reflecting means for projecting the light from the beam switching mirror so as to be converged in an intersecting manner at the position of a sample holder, the sample bolder capable of selectively positioning a sample fitting hole or a through hole at the converging position by the converged light reflecting means by advancing/retracting the sample fitting hole or the through hole, first and second received light reflecting means which are disposed on the optical path of the light reflected by or transmitted through a sample set in the sample fitting hole on the sample holder or the through hole, and direct the light toward a single exiting side beam switching mirror, and the exiting side beam switching mirror capable of switching the direction of the light projected via the received light reflecting means toward a single detector, and the absolute reflectance and the absolute transmittance for the face side incidence and the back side incidence of the sample.
Abstract:
An electrically conductive high-melting-point oxide light source that can be used in an oxygen-containing atmosphere includes a sintered oxide having as an essential constituent an oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and rhenium. It is used an oxygen-containing atmosphere at a temperature of not less than 1700null C. A high-melting-point conductive paste includes particles of a sintered oxide having as an essential constituent an oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and rhenium, and a binder and solvent. An exhaust gas filter includes a powdered sintered oxide having as an essential constituent an oxide of an element selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, iridium, rhodium and rhenium, the powdered sintered oxide being applied to and baked on, or formed into a heating element and attached to, a surface of a diesel engine exhaust gas filter of ceramic to form a heating element.