Abstract:
Methods, a lubricant composition, and a fuel composition for lubricating a two-stroke internal combustion engine include a lubricant composition that contains (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (B) an additive composition, and (C) a normally liquid solvent having a kinematic viscosity of less than 5 cSt at 100° C. The lubricant composition improves the cleanliness of a power valve of a two-stroke engine.
Abstract:
A safe, metal-containing combustion additive and a method of formulation is directed for use in connection with utility and industrial furnaces. The additive includes a metal-containing catalyst, a ligand for complexing with the catalyst and a solvent for carrying the catalyst/ligand complex. The vapor pressure of the additive is less than about 200×10−5 Torr at 100° F.
Abstract:
A hydrocarbonaceous fuel additive, fuel composition, and method all lower both carbon particulate emissions and improve slag properties in combustion systems including, for instance, utility furnaces and boiler systems. The mixed metal catalyst may include a transition metal-containing compound, an alkali metal compound, and a magnesium-containing compound.
Abstract:
A fuel for use in a jet engine may be prepared by admixing a hydrocarbon fuel and a first additive selected from the group consisting of ethoxylated alkylphenol formaldehyde resins, maleic anhydride alpha olefin copolymers and mixtures thereof and a second additive comprising an admixture of platinum group and cerium compounds. The jet fuels including the additives may be used in jet engines where it is desirable to have reduced concentrations of particulates in exhausts, particularly when the jet engines are running at cruise speed.
Abstract:
A diesel fuel composition which improves the performance of diesel engine particulate exhaust traps comprising a diesel fuel containing a combination of 1-25 ppm of metal in the form of a metal salt additive and 100 to 500 ppm of an oil soluble nitrogen containing ashless detergent additive.
Abstract:
Methods, a lubricant composition, and a fuel composition for lubricating a two-stroke internal combustion engine include a lubricant composition that contains (A) an oil of lubricating viscosity, (B) an additive composition, and (C) a normally liquid solvent having a kinematic viscosity of less than 5 cSt at 100° C. The lubricant composition improves the cleanliness of a power valve of a two-stroke engine.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for delivering molybdenum from a lubricant source into a fuel combustion system or to the exhaust therefrom. By the present invention, molybdenum from the lubricant or the fuel will interact with phosphorus, sulfur, and/or lead from the combustion products. In this manner, the molybdenum scavenges or inactivates harmful materials which have migrated into the fuel or combustion products, and which can otherwise poison catalytic converters, sensors and/or automotive on-board diagnostic devices. The present invention can also lead to improved durability of exhaust after treatment systems.
Abstract:
Engine operation is improved by means of detergent additives. An additive comprising, or obtainable by admixing, A or B or both wherein: A is a metal-containing detergent, and B is a non metal-containing detergent, is used in an internal combustion engine lubricated by means of a separate lubricating oil system, to enhance the properties of the lubricating oil of the engine through entrainment therein the combustion chamber during operation of the engine.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to diesel fuel and lubrication oil defoaming agents, and crude oil demulsifiers, as well as methods for using same. In particular, the defoaming agents and demulsifiers are comprised of copolymers which have structures constituting a backbone of polysiloxane onto which is grafted an organic group. These structures comprise a polymer of the formula MD.sub.x D'.sub.y D".sub.z M, where M is O.sub.0.5 Si(CH.sub.3).sub.3, D is a OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.2, D' is OSi(CH.sub.3)R, D" is OSi(CH.sub.3)R', R is a polyhydric C.sub.6 -C.sub.28 organic group, R' is a phenol derivative or a long chain aliphatic group or polyethers, z is between 0 and 80, x+y+z is between 10-200, x/z is .gtoreq.1, and x/(y+z) is between about 1 and about 5, or formula M'D.sub.a M' where M' is O.sub.0.5 Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 R, a is between 4-10, and R and D are the same as defined above.
Abstract:
A method is provided for reducing the nitrogen oxide content of a flue gas produced by the combustion of fuel by introducing a nitrogen oxide removal agent into either the nitrogen oxide contaminated flue gas or the fuel to be combusted. The nitrogen oxide removal agent is the reaction product of a carbon compound in a pyrolysis liquor and a nitrogen compound such as ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or urea. The carbon compound is selected from carboxylic acids, phenols, esters, aldehydes and ketones. The pyrolysis liquor is derived from a feed stock containing cellulose, lignin or starch.