摘要:
In an electron tube, an atomic layer deposition method is used to form an electrical resistance film having a stacked structure of electrically insulating layers and electrically conductive layers or a mixed structure of an electrically insulating material and an electrically conductive material, so as to cover the whole of an inner wall surface and an outer wall surface of a second envelope. By use of the atomic layer deposition method, the firm and fine electrical resistance film with a desired resistance can be formed on an insulation surface, without containing a material such as a binder. When the electrical resistance film is provided with slight electrical conductivity, it can suppress occurrence of withstand voltage failure due to electrification of the insulation surface or the like and realize stability of withstand voltage characteristics.
摘要:
An electronic device comprises a glass substrate (10) containing sodium, and a sodium diffusion-preventing film (11) which is a planarization coating film formed on the glass substrate (10). An electronic element (12) is formed on the sodium diffusion-preventing film (11).
摘要:
Disclosed is a laminate with a reduced tendency for curling in a hard coat layer. The laminate comprises a transparent substrate and a hard coat layer provided on the transparent substrate. The hard coat layer is formed of a cured product of a composition comprising a mixture of pentaerythritol acrylate with an isocyanurate ethoxy-modified diacrylate.
摘要:
A near infrared screening film which consists of a biaxially oriented film made from a polyester containing a near infrared light absorber having a weight reduction start temperature of at least 280° C. and which has a haze value of 5% or less and a total transmittance for visible lights having a wavelength of 400 to 650 nm of 40% or more and which is exemplified by having optical properties at visible and near infrared ranges which satisfy the following expressions (1) to (4): 1
摘要:
A near infrared screening film which consists of a biaxially oriented film made from a polyester containing a near infrared light absorber having a weight reduction start temperature of at least 280null C. and which has a haze value of 5% or less and a total transmittance for visible lights having a wavelength of 400 to 650 nm of 40% or more and which is exemplified by having optical properties at visible and near infrared ranges which satisfy the following expressions (1) to (4): 1
摘要:
This invention consists of a coating applied to the metal surface which reduces the field emission levels of the surface. This coating could also decrease the secondary electron coefficient of the surface. The preferred embodiment described below is a hybrid coating consisting of two layers. However, a single-layer coating may also be used so long as it decreases field emission. Likewise, any number of coating layers may be used, so long as the resultant coating reduces field emission. The coating may also alter the properties of the interface between the metal surface and any macroparticle debris, in order to reduce field emission levels, but this is not essential, so long as the field emission from the surface is reduced. The invention is a coating which is not harmful to dc and rf vacuum system components, as for example, coatings which contain halogen atoms, such as CaF nullJ. N. Smith, Jr., J. Appl. Phys. 59, 283 (1986)null. This invention provides a means of raising breakdown thresholds in rf cavities even in non-multipactor parameter regimes. The coating can reduce emission from the electrodes by isolating the electrode surface whiskers from the cavity vacuum (FIG. 1). It can also absorb low-energy secondary or field-emitted electrons. We have obtained voltage holdoff data and dark current measurements for a variety of coatings, two of which far exceed the properties of the current state-of-the-art Titanium Nitride (TiN) coatings. For example, DC electrical breakdown is increased from a value of 40 MV/m for bare Copper to 115 MV/m for a copper electrode coated as described in the preferred embodiment. TiN-coated electrodes undergo DC breakdown at a much lower value of 50 MV/m. Dark current levels from the coating described in the preferred embodiment are over six orders of magnitude less than TiN-coated Copper even after arcing. These coatings have been demonstrated to have the properties required for use in high-voltage holdoff applications. For example, they can decrease the secondary emission yield, are mechanically stable, are not sensitive to radiation, are bakeable (important since most vacuum electronic systems are baked before use to eliminate contaminants), do not affect the cavity Q (the ability of the cavity to store energy), and will not poison a cathode. The present invention pertains to a method of suppressing electrical breakdown on a surface of an object to reduce field emission. The method comprises the steps of applying a first coating layer coating to the surface; and applying at least one subsequent coating layer which does not cause cathode contamination to the surface over the first coating layer. The present invention pertains to a device comprising a component having a surface, a first layer in contact and covering the surface which has a dark current emission less than that of bare copper and a voltage breakdown threshold higher than 40 MV/m DC.
摘要:
A greensheet comprising an inorganic pigment and an inorganic matrix component is applied to a surface of a glass substrate and fired for fixing. The formed shading film has a portion whose thickness is 90% or more of the maximum thickness of the shading film within the range of 0.5 mm from an edge of the shading film. Thus, a shading film that has distinct end faces and has an excellent thickness uniformity can be formed with a good positional accuracy. Therefore, a lamp having a highly precise light distribution property can be obtained. In addition, a lamp having such a property can be obtained with a few steps and at a low cost.
摘要:
The electric lamp has a quartz glass lamp vessel in which a light source is accommodated. The lamp vessel is covered by an interference film which has layers of alternatingly silica and a material of relatively high refractive index. A silica containing adhesive layer is in between the lamp vessel and the film. The adhesive layer has a content of boron oxide and/or phosphorus oxide.
摘要:
Compositions of matter which release alkali metal vapors comprising an alkali metal compound and a reducing agent for the compound wherein the reducing agent is an alloy of 5 to 30 weight percent aluminum balance zirconium. These compositions are useful in processes for the release of alkali metal vapors used in the production of photosensitive surfaces in vacuum tubes.