公开(公告)号：US20050272885A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-08

申请号：US10893543

申请日：2004-07-19

Applicant: Chad Mirkin ,  Xiaogang Liu ,  Shouwu Guo

Inventor： Chad Mirkin ,  Xiaogang Liu ,  Shouwu Guo

IPC: C08F2/00 ,  G03F7/00 ,  G03F7/20 ,  H01J20060101

CPC classification number: G03F7/0002 ,  G01Q80/00 ,  G03F7/2049 ,  H01J2237/31738 ,  Y10S977/857 ,  Y10S977/882 ,  Y10S977/897

Abstract: Polymeric microstructures and nanostructures can be prepared with use of a tip to pattern a surface. A tip can be used to pattern a structure which can initiate polymerization. The structure can be then exposed to monomer to induce polymerization at the structure. Alternatively, a tip can be used to pattern a surface with a monomer in which the surface is treated with polymerization catalyst so that polymerization occurs at the patterning site. Ring-opening metathesis polymerization can be carried out with use of the tip to control the polymerization. The tip can be a sharp tip as used in for example an atomic force microscope tip. Norbornene types of monomers can be used. Biological macromolecules can be also prepared.

Abstract translation: 可以使用尖端来制备聚合物微结构和纳米结构以对表面进行图案化。 尖端可用于图案化可引发聚合的结构。 然后将该结构暴露于单体以在结构处引发聚合。 或者，可以使用尖端来用表面用聚合催化剂处理的单体对表面进行图案化，使得在图案化位点发生聚合。 可以使用尖端进行开环易位聚合以控制聚合。 尖端可以是例如原子力显微镜尖端中使用的尖锐尖端。 可以使用降冰片烯类型的单体。 还可制备生物大分子。

公开(公告)号：US06949873B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-27

申请号：US10460052

申请日：2003-06-11

Applicant: Chien-Min Sung

Inventor： Chien-Min Sung

IPC: C01B31/06 ,  H01J20060101 ,  H01J1/02 ,  H01J1/14 ,  H01J1/16 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/02

CPC classification number: H01J1/304 ,  C01B32/25 ,  H01J1/3048 ,  H01J9/025 ,  H01J2201/30446 ,  H01J2201/30457

Abstract: An amorphous diamond electrical generator having a cathode at least partially coated with amorphous diamond material and an intermediate member coupled between the cathode and an anode. The amorphous diamond material can have at least about 90% carbon atoms with at least about 20% of the carbon atoms bonded in a distorted tetrahedral coordination. The amorphous diamond coating has an energy input surface in contact with a base member of the cathode and an electron emission surface opposite the energy input surface. The electron emission surface can have an asperity height of from about 10 to about 1,000 nanometers and is capable of emitting electrons upon input of a sufficient amount of energy. The intermediate member can be coupled to the electron emission surface of the amorphous diamond coating such that the intermediate member has a thermal conductivity of less than about 100 W/mK and a resistivity of less than about 80 μΩ-cm at 20° C. The amorphous diamond electrical generator is a thermionic emission device having improved electron emission properties.

Abstract translation: 一种非晶金刚石发电机，其具有至少部分地涂覆有非晶金刚石材料的阴极和耦合在阴极和阳极之间的中间部件。 无定形金刚石材料可以具有至少约90％的碳原子，其中至少约20％的碳原子以变形的四面体配位键合。 无定形金刚石涂层具有与阴极的基底部件接触的能量输入表面和与能量输入表面相对的电子发射表面。 电子发射表面可以具有约10至约1000纳米的粗糙度高度，并且能够在输入足够量的能量时发射电子。 中间构件可以耦合到无定形金刚石涂层的电子发射表面，使得中间构件具有小于约100W / mK的热导率和在20℃下小于约80μΩ-cm的电阻率。 非晶金刚石发电机是具有改善的电子发射特性的热电子发射装置。

公开(公告)号：US20050140296A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-30

申请号：US10503461

申请日：2003-01-29

Applicant: Michael Haacke ,  Ralf Muckel

Inventor： Michael Haacke ,  Ralf Muckel

IPC: H01J61/88 ,  F21S8/12 ,  H01J20060101 ,  H01J1/00 ,  H01J17/20 ,  H01J61/18 ,  H01J61/24 ,  H01J61/35 ,  H01J61/36 ,  H01J61/82 ,  H01J61/84

CPC classification number: H01J61/827 ,  H01J61/36

Abstract: A high-pressure gas discharge lamp (HID [high intensity discharge] lamp) is described which is free from mercury and suitable in particular for use in automotive technology. The lamp is particularly remarkable in that a rise in temperature of the coldest (lowermost) bottom regions (10) is achieved by an asymmetrical electrode arrangement, such that the light-generating substances accumulated in said regions enter the gas phase in a sufficient quantity upon switching-on of the lamp. The temperature of the hottest (uppermost) wall regions (13) is not raised thereby, indeed, it may even be reduced. An essential advantage of this lamp is that its external shape, its dimensions, and the electrodes (3) themselves need not be changed when the lamp is operated in a horizontal position with vertically aligned pinches (5), while the electrodes (3) are fastened each to a metal foil (4) in a suitable downwardly-shifted position.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种高压气体放电灯（HID [高强度放电]灯），其不含汞，特别适用于汽车技术。 该灯是特别显着的，因为最低（最低）底部区域（10）的温度升高通过不对称电极布置实现，使得积聚在所述区域中的发光物质以足够的量进入气相 灯的接通。 最热（最上）的壁区域（13）的温度不会升高，实际上甚至可能降低。 这种灯的一个基本优点在于，当灯在垂直方向夹持（5）的水平位置操作时，其外形，尺寸和电极（3）本身不需要改变，而电极（3） 每个金属箔（4）以适当的向下移位的位置固定。

公开(公告)号：US20050134198A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-23

申请号：US10995470

申请日：2004-11-24

Applicant: Earl Crandall ,  Robert Smallwood ,  Ray King

Inventor： Earl Crandall ,  Robert Smallwood ,  Ray King

IPC: H01J20060101 ,  H05B37/02 ,  H05B41/36

CPC classification number: H05B41/2821

Abstract: A gas discharge lamp is driven with a constant current square wave from a current transformer where the number of volt-microseconds are designed such that at the start of each square wave, the voltage rises to the required ionization potential for the lamp, while the plasma has not yet started to conduct. As soon as the lamp ionizes the gas within the lamp and current flows, the voltage drops and current flows at the desired level. The current level is set to prevent the input of excessive power pulses into the lamp, to reduce the creation of infrared photons. In addition, the plasma is driven at this current level almost continuously (with reversing polarity), which does not allow the plasma time to cool down. Consequently, the lamp becomes a more efficient light emitter, thereby requiring less energy to achieve the same light output.

Abstract translation: 气体放电灯由来自电流互感器的恒定电流方波驱动，其中伏安微秒的数量被设计为使得在每个方波开始时，电压升高到灯的所需电离电位，而等离子体 尚未开始进行。 一旦灯泡将灯内的气体电离并流过电流，电压就会下降，电流以所需的水平流动。 当前电平被设置为防止输入过多的功率脉冲进入灯泡，以减少红外光子的产生。 此外，等离子体几乎连续地（具有反转极性）被驱动在该电流水平，这不允许等离子体时间冷却。 因此，灯变成更有效的光发射器，从而需要更少的能量来实现相同的光输出。

公开(公告)号：US20050127289A1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-16

申请号：US10967715

申请日：2004-10-18

Applicant: Katrin Fuhrer ,  Marc Gonin ,  Kent Gillig ,  Thomas Egan ,  Michael McCully ,  J. Schultz

Inventor： Katrin Fuhrer ,  Marc Gonin ,  Kent Gillig ,  Thomas Egan ,  Michael McCully ,  J. Schultz

IPC: B01D59/44 ,  H01J20060101 ,  H01J49/00 ,  H01J49/40

CPC classification number: H01J49/40 ,  H01J49/0059 ,  H01J49/025

Abstract: Time-of-flight mass spectrometer instruments for monitoring fast processes using an interleaved timing scheme and a position sensitive detector are described. The combination of both methods is also described.

Abstract translation: 描述了使用交错定时方案和位置敏感检测器监测快速过程的飞行时间质谱仪仪器。 还描述了两种方法的组合。

公开(公告)号：US06900592B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-31

申请号：US10288313

申请日：2002-11-05

Applicant: Erich Kunhardt ,  Kurt Becker

Inventor： Erich Kunhardt ,  Kurt Becker

IPC: H01J20060101 ,  H01J7/24 ,  H01J17/00 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J37/32 ,  H01J61/28 ,  H05H1/24 ,  H05H1/46

CPC classification number: H01J37/32018 ,  H01J17/04 ,  H01J37/32036 ,  H01J37/32559 ,  H01J37/32623 ,  H01J2237/0206 ,  H05H1/2406 ,  H05H2001/2412

Abstract: A method and apparatus for stabilizing glow plasma discharges by suppressing the transition from glow-to-arc includes a perforated dielectric plate having an upper surface and a lower surface and a plurality of holes extending therethrough. The perforated dielectric plate is positioned over the cathode. Each of the holes acts as a separate active current limiting micro-channel that prevents the overall current density from increasing above the threshold for the glow-to-arc transition. This allows for a stable glow discharge to be maintained for a wide range of operating pressures (up to atmospheric pressures) and in a wide range of electric fields include DC and RF fields of varying strength.

Abstract translation: 通过抑制从辉光到电弧的转变来稳定辉光等离子体放电的方法和装置包括具有上表面和下表面的穿孔电介质板和延伸穿过其中的多个孔。 穿孔电介质板位于阴极上方。 每个孔用作单独的有源电流限制微通道，其防止总电流密度增加到辉光到电弧转变的阈值以上。 这允许在宽范围的工作压力（高达大气压力）下保持稳定的辉光放电，并且在宽范围的电场中包括具有不同强度的DC和RF场。

公开(公告)号：US3086136A

公开(公告)日：1963-04-16

申请号：US1561460

申请日：1960-03-17

Applicant: PHILIPS CORP

Inventor： RAYMUND ALMER FRIEDRICH HERMAN ,  RAYMUND ALMER ,  JAN FENNEMA ,  ADRIANUS KUIPER ,  HENDRIK SANTING ,  VELDHUIZEN JAN ANTON VAN

IPC: H01J20060101 ,  H01J1/94 ,  H01J19/42 ,  H01J19/52 ,  H01J19/74

CPC classification number: H01J19/42 ,  H01J1/94 ,  H01J19/52 ,  H01J19/74 ,  H01J2893/0005 ,  H01J2893/0009

公开(公告)号：US2972078A

公开(公告)日：1961-02-14

申请号：US78860359

申请日：1959-01-23

Applicant: PHILIPS CORP

Inventor： ROBERTO LEVI

IPC: H01J20060101 ,  H01J1/28 ,  H01J9/04

CPC classification number: H01J1/28 ,  H01J9/047 ,  Y10T428/249955

公开(公告)号：US06972412B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-06

申请号：US10664796

申请日：2003-09-18

Applicant: Jacob Johannes Scholtz ,  William Ralph Knowles ,  Bradley Lamar Thiel ,  Gerardus Van Veen ,  Rene Peter Marie Schroemges

Inventor： Jacob Johannes Scholtz ,  William Ralph Knowles ,  Bradley Lamar Thiel ,  Gerardus Van Veen ,  Rene Peter Marie Schroemges

IPC: H01J37/244 ,  G01N23/00 ,  G01Q30/20 ,  G01Q70/10 ,  H01J20060101 ,  H01J37/00 ,  H01J37/28

CPC classification number: H01J37/26 ,  H01J37/244 ,  H01J2237/0045 ,  H01J2237/2448 ,  H01J2237/2605

Abstract: A particle-optical apparatus comprising a sample holder for receiving a sample, a particle source embodied to produce a primary beam of first electrically charged particles along an optical axis for the purpose of irradiating the sample, first detector embodied to detect second electrically charged particles that emanate from the sample as a result of the irradiation thereof, a detection space that at the least is formed by the sample holder and the first detector, and an immersion lens embodied to produce a magnetic field for the purpose of focusing the primary beam in the vicinity of the sample holder. The first detector are embodied to produce an electric field in the detection space, and the detection space is embodied to comprise a gas.

Abstract translation: 一种粒子光学装置，包括用于接收样品的样品保持器，用于产生用于照射样品的光轴沿着光轴产生第一带电粒子的主光束的粒子源，实施为检测第二带电粒子的第一检测器， 作为其照射的结果，从样品发出至少由样品保持器和第一检测器形成的检测空间，以及用于产生磁场的浸没透镜，用于将主光束聚焦在 样品架附近。 第一检测器被实施为在检测空间中产生电场，并且检测空间被实施为包括气体。

公开(公告)号：US06922021B2

公开(公告)日：2005-07-26

申请号：US10356340

申请日：2003-01-31

Applicant: Frederick M. Espiau ,  Yian Chang

Inventor： Frederick M. Espiau ,  Yian Chang

IPC: H05B41/24 ,  H01J20060101 ,  H01J1/00 ,  H01J7/46 ,  H01J61/02 ,  H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/30 ,  H01J61/52 ,  H01J61/56 ,  H01J65/04 ,  H01P3/16 ,  H05B37/00 ,  H05B41/16 ,  H05B41/26 ,  H01J7/24

CPC classification number: H01J61/12 ,  H01J61/025 ,  H01J61/30 ,  H01J61/52 ,  H01J65/044 ,  H01P3/16 ,  Y02B20/22

Abstract: A plasma lamp including a waveguide body consisting essentially of at least one dielectric material having a dielectric constant greater than approximately 2. The body is coupled to a microwave power source which causes the body to resonate in at least one resonant mode. At least one lamp chamber integrated with the body contains a bulb with a fill forming a light-emitting plasma when the chamber receives power from the resonating body. A bulb either is self-enclosed or an envelope sealed by a window or lens covering the chamber aperture. Embodiments disclosed include lamps having a drive probe and a feedback probe, and lamps having a drive probe, feedback probe and start probe, which minimize power reflected from the body back to the source when the source operates: (a) at a frequency such that the body resonates in a single mode; or (b) at one frequency such that the body resonates in a relatively higher order mode before a plasma is formed, and at another frequency such that the body resonates in a relatively lower order mode after it reaches steady state.

Abstract translation: 一种等离子体灯，包括基本上由介电常数大于约2的介电材料组成的波导体。该主体耦合到微波功率源，该微波功率源以至少一个谐振模式谐振。 与主体集成的至少一个灯室包含一个具有填充物的灯泡，当室从谐振体接收电力时形成发光等离子体。 灯泡可以是自封闭的，也可以是由覆盖腔室孔的窗口或透镜密封的信封。 所公开的实施例包括具有驱动探针和反馈探针的灯，以及具有驱动探针，反馈探针和起始探针的灯，其在源运行时使从身体反射回源的功率最小化：（a）以使得 身体在单一模式下共鸣; 或（b）以一个频率使得主体在形成等离子体之前以相对较高的阶数模式谐振，并且在另一个频率使得主体在达到稳定状态之后以相对较低的阶数共振。