摘要:
A catalytically active gel product is described consisting of a silica matrix which is amorphous to x-rays with uniform porosity, monomodal pore distribution and high surface area, within which one or more metal oxides possessing catalytic activity are dispersed. A process for preparing this catalytic gel is also described.
摘要:
Disclosed is a solid catalyst functionalized with sulfonic groups, containing from 20 to 99% by weight of silica, with the residual percentage being definable by means of the formula:(ZrP.sub.2 O.sub.7).sub.1-x {(Zr(HPO.sub.4).sub.2-y.[O.sub.3 P-R(SO.sub.3 H).sub.n ].sub.y }.sub.xwherein:R is an either linear or branched linear hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an aryl radical;x is a numeral higher than 0 and of up to 1;y is a numeral higher than 0 and of up to 2;n is either 1 or 2;with said catalyst furthermore showing silicon-oxygen-phosphorus bonds on N.M.R. examination and being amorphous or substantially amorphous when examined under X rays.The catalyst is useful in the acidic catalysis, for example in reactions of hydrocarbon conversion, such as alkylation, isomerization and oligomerization. The product according to the present invention is furthermore useful as an ion exchange agent.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a catalyst for the selective decomposition of cumene hydroperoxide, composed of zeolite crystals wherein a portion of the silicon atoms in the crystal lattice of silica is replaced by Al and B. The zeolite crystals are bonded to each other by a siliceous bonding agent which allows the catalyst to assume the shape of mechanically stable microspheres.The invention relates also to a process in which the catalyst is used, and to the related operating conditions.
摘要:
A catalytic system characterized in that it comprises: a first catalyst, having a hydrogenating function, consisting of solid particles of which at least 95% by volume having an equivalent diameter smaller than 20 μm, containing one or more sulfides of metals of group VI and/or VIII B, possibly prepared starting from an oil-soluble precursor of the same; and a second catalyst, having a cracking function, consisting of solid particles of which at least 90% by volume having an equivalent diameter larger than 5 μm and smaller than 5 mm, containing an amorphous silico-aluminate and/or a crystalline silico-aluminate and/or an alumina, the equivalent average diameter of the solid particles of the second catalyst being greater than the equivalent average diameter of the solid particles of the first catalyst. Said catalytic system can be used in a process for the hydroconversion of heavy oils which comprises sending the heavy oil to a hydroprocessing step carried out in one or more slurry reactors, in the presence of hydrogen or a mixture of hydrogen and H2S, obtaining a stream of products in vapor or liquid-vapor phase, and extracting at the bottom, in continuous or discontinuous, a liquid stream containing non-converted products together with the two catalysts of said catalytic system, said liquid stream extracted then being separated into a clarified primary stream containing the first catalyst, which is at least partially recycled to the hydroprocessing step, and a stream rich in the second catalyst, which is regenerated in a regeneration step and at least partially recycled to the hydroprocessing step.
摘要:
The cultivation of heterotrophic and phototrophic micro-organisms is integrated for the production of bio-oil for biofuels, wherein the overall algal suspension produced is first thickened, with recirculation of the excess water to cultivation containers, and then thermally treated at a high temperature. After cooling, a bio-oil phase is recovered together with a suspension rich in soluble carbohydrates and proteins which forms a nutritional/energy source for heterotrophic micro-organisms.
摘要:
The present invention relates to new organic-inorganic hybrid silicates and metal-silicates called ECS, characterized by an X-ray powder diffraction pattern with reflections exclusively at angular values higher than 4.0° of 2Θ, preferably at angular values higher than 4.7°, and an ordered structure containing structural units having formula (a) wherein R is an organic group: Formula (a) and possibly containing one or more elements T selected from groups III B, IV B, V B and transition metals, with a Si/(Si+T) molar ratio in said structure higher than 0.3 and lower than or equal to 1, wherein Si is the silicon contained in the structural unit (a). A process is also described, starting from disilanes, for the preparation of these materials, which does not include the use of templates or surfactants. These materials can be used as molecular sieves, adsorbents, in the field of catalysis, in the field of electronics, in the field of sensors, in the field of nanotechnologies.
摘要:
Hydrogen sulfide is oxidized to sulfur by means of treatment with an aqueous acid solution containing trivalent iron and a hetero polyacid having formula (I): HnXVyM(12-y)O40; or a sole hetero polyacid having formula (II): HnMeM12O40; wherein the symbols X, M Me n and y are specified in the text. At the end of the oxidation, the solution is treated with gas containing oxygen to re-oxidize the reduced metal.
摘要翻译:通过用含有三价铁的含水酸溶液和式(I)的杂多酸(HnXVyM(12-y)O40)处理将硫化氢氧化成硫。 或具有式(II)的唯一的杂多酸:HnMeM12O40; 其中符号X,M Me n和y在文中指定。 在氧化结束时,用含氧的气体处理溶液以再还原还原的金属。
摘要:
Process for the production of dimethyl ether and the co-production of H2O, starting from methanol, substantially comprising a dehydration reaction of methanol carried out in a reactive distillation column with a packing of the re-active, structured and distillation type.
摘要翻译:生产二甲醚的方法和从甲醇开始的H 2 O 2的共同生产,其基本上包括在反应性蒸馏塔中进行甲醇的脱水反应,所述反应蒸馏塔具有重活性 ,结构和蒸馏式。
摘要:
A process is described for the preparation of zeolitic catalysts in the form of microspheres, comprising zeolite and oligomeric silica, characterized by a high mechanical resistance. The process consists in subjecting to rapid drying the suspension, to which tetra-alkylorthosilicate is optionally added, resulting from the synthesis of zeolite by hydrothermal treatment at autogenous pressure of the reagent mixture containing tetra-alkylammoniumhydroxide as templating agent, and subjecting the product resulting from the drying to calcination.
摘要:
Process for the preparation of a micro-mesoporous gel consisting of a silica matrix in which one or more metal oxides are possibly dispersed comprising: (a) subjecting to hydrolysis and gelification a tetra-alkylorthosilicate with an alkyl-trimethylammonium hydroxide having the formula R(CH3)3N—OH, wherein R is selected from n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and n-heptyl, possibly in the presence of one or more metal compounds, the molar ratios in this mixture being: R—OH/SiO2=0-10; R(CH3)3N—OH/SiO2=0.05-0.4; H2O/SiO2=5-40; metal oxides/SiO2=0-0.02; whereas the ratio H2O/R(CH3)3N—OH varies according to the number of carbon atoms in the alkylic chain R as follows: R=n-butyl, H2O/R(CH3-)3N—OH
摘要翻译:用于制备由二氧化硅基质组成的微孔介质凝胶的方法,其中一种或多种金属氧化物可能被分散,包括:(a)使原硅酸四烷基酯与具有式R的烷基 - 三甲基氢氧化铵进行水解和凝胶化 CH3)3N-OH,其中R选自正丁基,正戊基,正己基和正庚基,可能在一种或多种金属化合物存在下,该混合物中的摩尔比为:R-OH / SiO2 = 0-10; R(CH3)3N-OH / SiO2 = 0.05-0.4; H2O / SiO2 = 5-40; 金属氧化物/ SiO2 = 0-0.02; 而H 2 O / R(CH 3)3 N-OH的比例根据烷基链R中的碳原子数按如下方式变化:R =正丁基,H 2 O / R(CH 3)3 N-OH 35; R =正戊基,H 2 O / R(CH 3)3 N-OH <70; R =正己基,H 2 O / R(CH 3)3 N-OH <102; R =正庚基,H 2 O / R(CH 3)3 N-OH <136; (b)使步骤(a)中获得的凝胶或固体进行干燥和煅烧。