Abstract:
A fabrication method which can improve electrical properties, shorten processing time, and reduce the thickness of a chip package by achieving an ultra-thin fine circuit pattern. The method for fabricating a printed circuit board includes: providing an insulating material; forming in the insulating material at least one via-hole for interlayer electrical connection; ion beam treating the surface of the insulating material having the via-hole formed therein; forming a copper seed layer on the surface-treated insulating material using a vacuum deposition process; and plating a copper pattern on the copper seed layer to form a circuit pattern.
Abstract:
A non-volatile bistable nano-electromechanical switch is provided for use in memory devices and microprocessors. The switch employs carbon nanotubes as the actuation element. A method has been developed for fabricating nanoswitches having one single-walled carbon nanotube as the actuator. The actuation of two different states can be achieved using the same low voltage for each state.
Abstract:
Methods and memories having switching points for changing Vstep increments according to a level of a multilevel cell being programmed include programming at a smaller Vstep increment in narrow threshold voltage situations and programming at a larger Vstep increment where faster programming is desired.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a build-up printed circuit board, in which the circuit of a build-up printed circuit board including a core layer and an outer layer is realized by forming the metal seed layer of the core layer using a dry process, consisting of ion beam surface treatment and vacuum deposition, instead of a conventional wet process, including a wet surface roughening process and electroless plating. When the wet process is replaced with the dry process in the method of the invention, the circuit layer can be formed in an environmentally friendly manner, and as well, all circuit layers of the substrate including the core layer and the outer layer can be manufactured through a semi-additive process. Further, the peel strength between the resin substrate and the metal layer can be increased, thus realizing a highly reliable fine circuit.
Abstract:
A dry-surface cleaning apparatus includes a laser for generating laser beams, a focus lens for generating a plasma shock wave around a laser focus by converging the laser beams into the laser focus around a workpiece to be cleaned, wherein contaminants on the workpiece are removed by colliding the plasma shock wave against the workpiece, and a thermal radiation protector for avoiding a surface damage on the workpiece induced by a plasma thermal radiation entailed by the generation of the plasma shock wave. The thermal radiation protector is installed between the laser focus and the workpiece and is extended toward a downstream of the laser focus to a position where a portion of remaining laser beam when generating the plasma shock wave reaches in order to reflect the remaining laser beam.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter using a mixed mode integrator composed of an analog integrator and a digital integrator, which can prevent the performance degradation due to the saturation of an integrator of the overload of a quantizer. A sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter having an anti-aliasing filter, a sample and hold circuit, a sigma-delta modulator and a decimation filter comprises an overload estimating unit for judging the saturation or overload of an analog integrator; a mixed mode integrator which has the analog integrator and a digital integrator composed of a digital adder and a digital storing unit and integrates the output of the overload estimating unit in analog or digitally; and a quantization unit for converting the output of the mixed mode integrator to a digital signal.
Abstract:
A non-volatile bistable nano-electromechanical switch is provided for use in memory devices and microprocessors. The switch employs carbon nanotubes as the actuation element. A method has been developed for fabricating nanoswitches having one single-walled carbon nanotube as the actuator. The actuation of two different states can be achieved using the same low voltage for each state.
Abstract:
Methods for multiple level program verify, memory devices, and memory systems are provided. In one such method, a series of programming pulses are applied to a memory cell to be programmed. A program verify pulse, at an initial program verify voltage, is applied to the memory cell after each programming pulse. The initial program verify voltage is a verify voltage that has been increased by a quick charge loss voltage. The quick charge loss voltage is subtracted from the initial program verify voltage after either a programming pulse has reached a certain reference voltage or a quantity of programming pulses has reached a pulse count threshold.
Abstract:
A non-volatile bistable nano-electromechanical switch is provided for use in memory devices and microprocessors. The switch employs carbon nanotubes as the actuation element. A method has been developed for fabricating nanoswitches having one single-walled carbon nanotube as the actuator. The actuation of two different states can be achieved using the same low voltage for each state.
Abstract:
A lighting system which automatically assigns a unique address to each lighting device and controls each lighting device assigned the unique address is disclosed. The lighting system may include a plurality of lighting apparatuses, at least one bridge coupled to the plurality of lighting apparatuses, and a lighting controller coupled to the at least one bridge for controlling the lighting apparatuses. One of the at least one bridge or the controller may generate address data for assigning an address to one of the plurality of lighting apparatuses. The plurality of lighting apparatuses may include an LED module, a connection circuit configured to control a connection between the at least one bridge and the plurality of lighting apparatuses, and a controller configured to control the connection circuit based on the address.