摘要:
An ECU includes: an engine control unit that controls devices provided for an engine on the basis of a target engine rotational speed; and an engine model that calculates the target engine rotational speed such that the target engine rotational speed varies in accordance with a target engine torque and an actual engine rotational speed in a steady state, and that calculates the target engine rotational speed such that the target engine rotational speed varies in accordance with the target engine torque independently of the actual engine rotational speed in a transient state in which the engine is unstable as compared with the steady state. When the engine is controlled by the thus configured ECU, the control accuracy is improved.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus for transporting a recording medium on which an image is formed includes a guide plate. The guide plate guides the recording medium to a predetermined position in the image forming apparatus and includes a flexible sheet member and a rigid holding member. The rigid holding member holds the flexible sheet member such that the flexible sheet member projects from a front end of the rigid holding member. The projecting portion of the flexible sheet member includes at least three flexible sub-portions having a different bend-stiffness per unit area from each other, and the bend-stiffness per unit area is reduced toward a downstream side in a sheet guide direction.
摘要:
Static demand engine torque set in a static torque setter is converted into dynamic demand engine torque in a converter using an engine model C (s) represented by a first-order lag function. A time constant T of engine model C (s) is calculated by a time constant calculator. The time constant calculator calculates time constant T in accordance with the static demand engine torque set in the static torque setter and dynamic demand engine torque set in a dynamic torque setter. The dynamic demand engine torque set in the dynamic torque setter is added to the dynamic demand engine torque converted from the static demand engine torque in the converter.
摘要:
An image forming apparatus includes a fixing device having a pressure roller. The surface of the pressure roller is coated with a PFA resin and has an average surface roughness Ra of 0.05 to 0.13 μm. A thermister is provided to detect the surface temperature of the pressure roller. The thermister includes a metal plate, a resister element attached to the metal plate, and a pair of fluorocarbon-resin films sandwiching the metal plate and the resister element. The fluorocarbon-resin film has a thickness of 15 μm to 80 μm.
摘要:
A picture image forming apparatus including a photoreceptor belt driven by a drive device, a plurality of developing devices for forming toner picture images on the photoreceptor belt, an intermediate transfer device, to a surface of which toner picture images on the photoreceptor belt are overlappingly transferred plural times when a picture image is to be formed on a single page, and a transfer roller for pushing a sheet against the intermediate transfer device in order to transfer toner picture images to the sheet. The intermediate transfer device is an intermediate transfer belt contacted by the photoreceptor belt to be driven thereby. A photoreceptor-side roller enables contact of the intermediate transfer belt and the photoreceptor belt, and the intermediate transfer belt is trained around the photoreceptor-side roller and a transfer-side roller for pushing the sheet against the transfer roller. A diameter d2 of the transfer-side roller is smaller than a diameter d1 of the photoreceptor-side roller.
摘要:
A control device for restarting an engine is configured to engage a forward clutch of an automatic transmission quickly, with little shock and without involving a special cost for restarting the engine. When the engine is restarted, a way for supplying an oil is changed in accordance with a leaving amount of an oil from an oil passage with respect to the forward clutch of the automatic transmission or an oil temperature. A time for executing a quick pressure increase control and a control target pressure is changed in accordance with a leaving amount of the oil or the oil temperature. Further, the quick pressure increase control is started at a timing when an engine revolution (a rotational speed of an oil pump) is equal to or greater than a predetermined value.
摘要:
A frictional engagement device for engaging a pair of members relatively rotating around a common axis is improved to obtain a smooth action. A first frictional engaging element is fitted unrotatably and axially movably to one of the relatively rotating member. A second frictional engaging element is unrotatably and axially movably fitted to the other of the relatively rotating member and disposed engageable to the first frictional engaging element. A first cam member which is axially movably fitted to one of the relatively rotating member and disposed apart from the second frictional engaging element has a slanted cam surface. A second cam member which is disposed adjacent to the first cam member on a side of the second frictional engaging element has a slanted cam surface parallelly opposing the cam surface of the first cam member. A piston means which is fitted to the second cam member has a surface engageable with the second frictional engagement element. A spring seat is disposed, not touching the piston means, in a space formed between the piston means and the second cam member. A return spring for biasing the second cam member toward the first cam member is fixed to an unmovable member on one end and fitted the spring seat on the other end. A pushing means selectively pushes the piston means onto the second frictional element through the second cam member to cause a frictional engagement between the piston means and the second frictional element so that the piston member being rotationally dragged with the second cam member and generates a cam force to engage the first frictional engaging element and the second frictional element. A friction decreasing means disposed between the spring seat and the second cam member decreases the friction between the spring seat and the second cam member to prevent the return spring from being rotationally dragged by the second cam member when the second cam member is rotationally dragged.
摘要:
New compound, designated as leucanicidin, is now provided and is useful as insecticide. Leucanicidin is fermentatively produced by a microorganism Streptomyces halstedii No. 3002-14 (identifiable as FERM BP-493).
摘要:
A shift output torque control unit executes a shift output torque control to control an engine torque so as to reduce a driving force difference, which is a variation width of a driving force due to downshift of an automatic transmission. Thus, in comparison with the case in which the shift output torque control is not executed, it is possible to smooth a variation in driving force associated with the downshift. As a result, occupants' comfort and controllability to driving operation may be improved.
摘要:
One end of a sheet guiding member on a transfer nip side is located on a straight line connecting an exit of a registration nip formed between a pair of registration rollers and an entrance of the transfer nip or on an opposite side of an intermediate transfer belt across the straight line and on one side of a triangle formed by connecting rotation centers of the transfer member, the transfer roller, and the transfer guide roller or inside the triangle.