摘要:
An integrated circuit device is formed by forming a resistor pattern on a substrate. An interlayer dielectric layer is formed on the resistor pattern. The interlayer dielectric layer is patterned to form at least one opening that exposes the resistor pattern. A plug pattern is formed that fills the at least one opening and the plug pattern and resistor pattern are formed using a same material.
摘要:
A semiconductor memory device having a dummy active region is provided, which includes a plurality of parallel main active regions and a dummy active region coupled to ends of the main active regions. The main preferably active regions are arranged in a main memory cell array region and extend to or through a dummy cell array region surrounding the main memory cell array region. Further, the dummy active region is perpendicular to the main active regions. A redundancy cell array region may intervene between the main memory cell array region and the dummy cell array region. In this case, the main active regions are extended to the dummy cell array region through the redundancy cell array region.
摘要:
A method is presented for finding a shortest path from a starting place to a destination place in a traffic network including one or more turn restrictions, one or more U-turns and one or more P-turns using a Dijkstra algorithm. The method as sets a virtual arc between nodes, and assigns a virtual arc value. A smallest travel time value is selected out of total travel time values for all nodes except for the starting node, by considering existing arcs between nodes and the virtual arc and assigning the smallest travel time value to a permanent label node. The shortest path is determined by tracing the permanent nodes starting from the destination node.
摘要:
A NAND type flash memory device has a dummy region forming a dummy pattern. In the flash memory device, a common source line is formed to cross only with an isolation layer adjacent an active region of a normal pattern forming memory cells.
摘要:
A vertical memory device includes a substrate including a cell region and a peripheral circuit region, gate electrodes sequentially stacked on the cell region of the substrate in a vertical direction substantially perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate, a channel on the cell region and extending through the gate electrodes in the vertical direction, a first lower contact plug on the peripheral circuit region and extending in the vertical direction, a second lower contact plug on the peripheral circuit region adjacent to the first lower contact plug and extending in the vertical direction, and a first upper wiring electrically connected to the first lower contact plug. The first upper wiring is configured to and apply an electrical signal to the first lower contact plug. The second lower contact plug is not electrically connected to an upper wiring configured to apply an electrical signal.
摘要:
A highly integrated semiconductor memory device includes a substrate, a plurality of vertical pillars above the substrate, a plurality of connection lines extending over the vertical pillars, a plurality of lower via plugs provided above the vertical pillars and connecting the vertical pillars to the connection lines, a dummy connection line provided at a same level as the connection lines with respect to a main surface of the substrate, and a dummy via plug connected to a lower surface of the dummy connection line and having a different height than each of the lower via plugs. The vertical pillars, the connection lines, the lower via plugs are provided in a cell region, and the dummy connection line and the dummy via plug are provided in a dummy region.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for receiving and providing disaster information. The method of providing the disaster information includes: classifying a disaster service district into a plurality of emergency zones according to a danger level; transmitting information regarding the plurality of emergency zones to at least one mobile terminal located within the plurality of emergency zones, and receiving a location of the at least one mobile terminal from the at least one mobile terminal; and sequentially transmitting disaster information according to the danger level, to the at least one mobile terminal in the plurality of emergency zones, based on the location of a disaster which has been received from a disaster information server, when a disaster occurs.
摘要:
A non-volatile memory device includes a substrate including an active region and a field region, selection transistors and cell transistors on the active region, bit line contacts on the bridge portions, and shared bit lines electrically connected to the bit line contacts. The active region includes string portions and bridge portions. The string portions extends in a first direction and is arranged in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction, and the bridge portions connects at least two adjacent string portions. Each bridge portion has a length in the first direction equal to or longer than about twice a width of each bit line contact in the first direction.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a carbonized cellulose material having a graphite nanosized surface layer directly carbonized from a cellulose fiber, and a method of synthesizing a carbonized cellulose material having a graphite nanolayer on a surface thereof, including: i) heating a cellulose fiber in a reactor; ii) forming a primary carbonized cellulose while maintaining temperature of the reactor; iii) cooling the formed primary carbonized cellulose; iv) heating the cooled primary carbonized cellulose; v) forming a secondary carbonized cellulose while maintaining temperature of the reactor; vi) cooling the formed secondary carbonized cellulose.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for managing a location of a ward, the method including: determining a ward location updating period based on a current location of the ward within a safety zone; and if the determined location updating period is about to elapse, transmitting the current location of the ward at a time when the updating period elapses.