摘要:
Provided is a copolymer. The copolymer, when incorporated into a resist composition, can provide a satisfactory resist pattern with high sensitivity, high resolution, high etching resistance and a reduced amount of outgas.
摘要:
Provided is a predistortion apparatus which performs predistortion by reflecting a memory effect when linearizing an output of a nonlinear device using a wideband signal. The predistortion apparatus includes a predistortion unit and a coefficient extraction unit. The predistortion unit selects and outputs one of outputs of the sub-predistorters as an output signal according to intensity of an input signal. The coefficient extraction unit selects one of a plurality of coefficient extractors according to intensity of a nonlinear signal which is generated in response to the output signal, extracts a plurality of predistortion coefficients with the nonlinear signal and the output signal, and delivers the extracted predistortion coefficients to the predistortion unit. Accordingly, the memory effect is reflected even when the input signal is a wideband signal.
摘要:
Disclosed are a signal distortion component adjusting apparatus and method capable of adjusting error vector magnitude of subcarriers of a predetermined position by adjusting a signal distortion component occurring while decreasing a peak to average power ratio (PAPR) in a communication system of an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology or an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) scheme, and a system using the same. The present invention includes a signal distortion component adjusting unit to add an additional signal distortion component Pe((n+N/2) % N) to a signal distortion component e(n) that is obtained by subtracting a threshold Th value, set to decrease peak power, from an absolute value of a time domain signal x(n) of an input signal, and to thereby adjust the signal distortion component. The present invention may transmit a highly reliable signal by adjusting error vector magnitude of subcarrier of a frequency domain.
摘要翻译:公开了一种信号失真分量调整装置和方法,其能够通过调整在正交频分复用的通信系统中降低峰均功率比(PAPR)的同时发生的信号失真分量来调整预定位置的子载波的误差矢量幅度 (OFDM)技术或正交频分多址(OFDMA)方案,以及使用它们的系统。 本发明包括一个信号失真分量调整单元,用于将附加信号失真分量Pe((n + N / 2)%N)加到通过将阈值Th值减去得到的信号失真分量e(n) 从输入信号的时域信号x(n)的绝对值减小峰值功率,从而调整信号失真分量。 本发明可以通过调整频域的子载波的误差矢量幅度来发送高度可靠的信号。
摘要:
2-pyridyl substituted imidazoles of the formula (I) as shown in claim 1, are provided, which are useful in the treatment of diseases mediated by ALK5 or ALK4 inhibitors or both.
摘要:
Disclosed are a photoacid generator, a copolymer, a chemically amplified resist composition, and a method of forming a pattern using the chemically amplified resist composition. The photoacid is connected with a main chain of the copolymer, whereby the photoacid is equally dispersed within a resist layer, and characteristics of line edge roughness of a resist pattern is improved.
摘要:
A photoacid generator represented by the following formula (1), a method for producing the photoacid generator, and a resist composition containing the photoacid generator are provided. wherein in the formula (1), Y1, Y2, X, R1, R2, n1, n2 and A+ have the same meanings as defined in the detailed description of the invention. The photoacid generator can maintain an appropriate contact angle at the time of ArF liquid immersion lithography, can reduce defects occurring during liquid immersion lithography, and has excellent solubility in resist solvents and excellent compatibility with resins. Furthermore, the photoacid generator can be produced by an efficient and simple method using an epoxy compound that is industrially easily available.
摘要:
In a communication system, subchannel state information for a plurality of user equipments (UEs) are collected, and a plurality of subchannel state prediction parameter values for the respective UEs are calculated using the subchannel state information. In addition, the communication system allocates at least one subchannel among the plurality of subchannels to a first UE having the highest priority. Subsequently, the communication system determines whether to allocate additional power to the at least one subchannel based on the plurality of subchannel state prediction parameter values, and allocates additional power to a subchannel that needs the additional power among the at least one subchannel.
摘要:
An acid generator represented by the following formula (1) is provided: wherein X represents an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, —X1—O—X2—, or a heteroatom selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, sulfur and fluorine; X1 and X2 each independently represent an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; Y represents a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 30 carbon atoms and containing one or more aromatic rings, while one or more hydrogen atoms on the ring of the cyclic hydrocarbon group may be substituted by one or more members selected from the group consisting of —O—Y1, —CO—Y2, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a perfluoroalkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group and a cyano group; Y1 and Y2 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; n represents an integer of 0 or 5; and A+ represents an organic counterion.
摘要:
The inventive imidazopyridine derivative can be used in a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating diseases such as diabetes, obesity, dementia, cancer, and inflammation, since it can efficiently inhibit the activities of several protein kinases including glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), aurora kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (AKT), and the likes, to control signal transductions thereof.
摘要:
The socket assembly includes a guide block, a guide part and a pressurizing plate. The guide block is in a terminal region of a test board, the guide block defining an area into which an integrated circuit can be inserted opposite terminals formed on the test board in the terminal region. The guide part is provided on an inner side wall of the guide block, to guide an insertion position of the integrated circuit so that respective leads of the integrated circuit are aligned with the corresponding terminals of the test board. The pressurizing plate is adapted to interface with the guide block, the pressurizing plate including a pressurizing protrusion on a surface thereof, such that when the pressurizing plate is applied to the guide block, the respective leads of the integrated circuit are urged to connect with the corresponding terminals of the test board.