摘要:
In the invention, an information recording medium records encrypted information, encrypted key information obtained by encrypting key information for decrypting the encrypted information to obtain original information, and non-encrypted condition information used upon decrypting the encrypted information and recorded in the encrypted key information, and the encrypted information from the information recording medium is decrypted inside an IC card using the encrypted key information and condition information. Upon decrypting the encrypted information from the information recording medium, information that requires security protection or copyright protection can be prevented from being illicitly copied.
摘要:
An optical disk apparatus includes a semiconductor laser for emitting a light beam, and an automatic power control or APC circuit for driving the laser. A compound prism structure is optically coupled to the laser in an optical head section, and defines a first optical path for causing a front laser light to be projected onto a rotating optical disk and guiding a reflected light therefrom toward a first photodetector, and a second optical path for guiding a part of the reflected light toward a second photodetector. An output signal of the first photodetector is used to generate a reproduced information signal. An output signal of the second photodetector is fed back to the APC circuit as a front light monitor signal. A part of a laser control signal internally generated in the APC circuit is supplied through a wiring line to a noise reduction circuit as a laser noise monitor signal. The noise reduction circuit subtracts this noise monitor signal from the reproduced information signal to provide a noise-suppressed information signal.
摘要:
In an A/D converter in which a first comparator A/D converter for providing the most significant bits of a digital output and a second comparator A/D converter for providing the least significant bits of the digital output are cascaded, a switching circuit is provided between the first A/D converter and the second A/D converter. This switching circuit is responsive to the comparison between an analog input voltage and first comparison reference voltages in the first A/D converter to apply two adjacent first reference voltages between which the analog input voltages lies to both ends of a voltage dividing circuit network of the second A/D converter to thereby provide second comparison reference voltages. In the second A/D converter, the second comparison reference voltages are compared with the analog input voltage by comparators, to provide the least significant bits of a digital output.
摘要:
3,7-Disubstituted-2 or 3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is acylamino or ar(lower)alkylamino; R.sup.2 is carboxy or carboxy protected by a pharmaceutically acceptable group; --N--R.sup.3, R.sup.4 is di(lower)alkylamino(lower)alkylamino, an unsaturated or saturated 3 to 8 membered heteromonocyclic (lower)alkylamino group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, an unsaturated or saturated 3 to 8 membered heteromonocyclic (lower)alkylamino group containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms substituted by lower alkyl or hydroxy(lower) alkyl, an unsaturated or saturated 5 to 6 membered heteromonocyclic group containing 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms, an unsaturated or saturated 5 to 6 membered heteromonocyclic group containing 2 to 4 nitrogen atoms substituted by lower alkyl or hydroxy(lower)alkyl or hydroxypiperidino, and X is --S-- or ##STR2## and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. The present compounds are useful for the treatment of infectious diseases in animals and human beings.
摘要:
An RMS circuit comprising a logarithmic amplifying circuit, a fullwave rectifying circuit for subjecting an output from the logarithmic amplifying circuit to fullwave rectification, and a smoothing circuit for smoothing an output signal from the fullwave rectifying circuit, wherein the logarithmic amplifying circuit is provided with an operational amplifier whose noninverting input terminal is grounded and whose inverting input terminal is connected to a signal source; a first npn transistor whose collector is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and whose base is grounded; a first diode whose anode is connected to the emitter of the first npn transistor and whose cathode is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier; a second diode whose anode is connected to the output terminal of the operational amplifier; and a third diode whose anode is connected to the cathode of the second diode and whose cathode is connected to the noninverting input terminal of the operational amplifier.
摘要:
A semiconductor chip including at least three variable capacity diodes for use at a frequency of 30 to 300 megaherzs is mounted on a grounding member so as to be sealed within a package. A plurality of external connection conductors each coupled to the diode and a plurality of external ground conductors coupled to the grounding member extend out of the package. Each ground conductor is disposed between the adjacent two of the external ground conductors. The arrangement permits a decrease of interference occurring due to a stray capacitance between the diodes.
摘要:
Provided is a field-effect transistor including a gate insulating layer, a first semiconductor crystal layer in contact with the gate insulating layer, and a second semiconductor crystal layer lattice-matching or pseudo lattice-matching the first semiconductor crystal layer. Here, the gate insulating layer, the first semiconductor crystal layer, and the second semiconductor crystal layer are arranged in the order of the gate insulating layer, the first semiconductor crystal layer, and the second semiconductor crystal layer, the first semiconductor crystal layer is made of Inx1Ga1-x1Asy1P1-y1 (0
摘要翻译:提供了一种场效应晶体管,其包括栅极绝缘层,与栅极绝缘层接触的第一半导体晶体层和第二半导体晶体层与第一半导体晶体层的晶格匹配或伪晶格匹配。 这里,栅绝缘层,第一半导体晶体层和第二半导体晶体层按栅极绝缘层,第一半导体晶体层和第二半导体晶体层的顺序排列,第一半导体晶体层被制成 的In x Ga 1-x As y 1 P 1-y 1(0
摘要:
Target fluid is made into electrolyte solution when measured fluid-quality value is lower than a first condition value, by substituting an impurity anion contained in the target fluid with a predetermined anion and substituting an impurity cation contained in the target fluid with a predetermined cation, and purified when the fluid-quality value is higher than a second condition value. The above procedures are repeated, so that the fluid-quality value of the target fluid falls within a predetermined range, to make the target fluid into electrolyte solution with a correlation between pH and conductivity.
摘要:
An electrical-discharge machining apparatus for machining a workpiece using an aqueous machining fluid includes an insulator for electrically insulating a machine platen from the workpiece where the workpiece is placed. A machining-fluid-property measuring instrument measures the state of the machining fluid; and a machining-fluid-property controller maintains the pH of the machining fluid so as to be kept within 8.5 through 10.5.
摘要:
A thin-film crystal wafer having a pn junction includes a first crystal layer of p GaAs, a second crystal layer of n InxAlyGa1−x−yP, the first and second crystal layers being lattice-matched layers that form a heterojunction, and a control layer of a thin-film of InxAlyGa1−x−yP differing in composition from the n InxAlyGa1−x−yP of the second crystal layer is formed at the interface of the heterojunction. The control layer enables the energy discontinuity at the interface of the InxAlyGa1−x−yP/GaAs heterojunction to be set within a relatively broad range of values and thus enables the current amplification factor and the offset voltage to be matched to specification values by varying the energy band gap at the heterojunction.
摘要翻译:具有pn结的薄膜晶体晶片包括p GaAs的第一晶体层,n In x Al y Ga 1-x-y P的第二晶体层,第一和第二晶体层是形成异质结的晶格匹配层,以及控制 在异质结的界面处形成与第二晶体层的n In x Al y Ga 1-x-y P的组成不同的In x Al y Ga 1-x-y P的薄膜层。 控制层使InxAlyGa1-x-yP / GaAs异质结的界面处的能量不连续性设定在相对宽的值范围内,从而使电流放大系数和偏移电压能够通过改变 异质结能带隙。