摘要:
The invention presents a fuel reforming technique for a mobile fuel cell system capable of obtaining a reformed gas composition usable in fuel cell 200 even if vapor temperature supplied from an evaporator 102 into a fuel reformer 107 varies significantly.This system comprises means 601, 602 for detecting the flow rate of fuel vapor and oxygen to be supplied into the fuel reformer 107, and means 600 for detecting at least temperature of fuel vapor to be supplied into the fuel reformer, temperature of oxygen, and temperature of mixed gas of fuel vapor and oxygen, in which the ratio of the flow rate of fuel vapor and the flow rate of oxygen is corrected on the basis of the signal value of the temperature detecting means, and oxygen is supplied depending on the corrected ratio.
摘要:
A method of operating a gas generating system for generating a hydrogen-rich product gas by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming includes operating a reactor approximately adiabatically. The ratio of the mole flow O2/mole flow C-atomsfuel (O2/C ratio) is controlled on the basis of the temperature of the educts and of the reaction temperature. For adjusting and maintaining an optimal O2/C ratio with respect to a high hydrogen yield, approximately an O2/C ratio corresponding of the present educt temperatures is adjusted and is corrected on the basis of the deviation of the reaction temperature from a desired reaction temperature. The O2/C ratio is then adjusted by controlling the oxygen-containing educt or the hydrocarbon-containing educt.
摘要:
Embodiments of our invention relate generally to methods of monitoring and controlling polymerization reactions including reactions producing multimodal polymer products using multiple catalysts in a single reactor. Embodiments of the invention provide methods of rapidly monitoring and controlling polymerization reactions without the need to sample and test the polymer properties. The method uses reactor control data and material inventory data in a mathematical leading indicator function to control the reactor conditions, and thereby the products produced under those conditions.
摘要:
A method to determine the concentration ratio of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide in the gaseous product of a fluidized bed reactor for producing titanium tetrachloride. The hot fluidized bed of the reactor is used as the source of infrared radiation which radiation is directed through the gaseous products in upper portion of the reactor through a window in the reactor to an infrared spectrometer. The concentration ratio can be used to control the temperature of the fluidized bed reactor by controlling the amount of cool titanium tetrachloride that is introduced into the reactor.
摘要:
A system and method for injecting catalyst into a fluid catalyst cracking (FCC) unit is provided. In one embodiment, a system for injecting catalyst into a FCC unit includes at least one catalyst injection apparatus for providing catalyst to a fluid catalyst cracking unit, at least one sensor adapted to provide a metric indicative of the composition of a product stream produced in the fluid catalyst cracking unit, and a controller coupled to the sensor, for controlling the additions made by the catalyst injection system in response to the metric provided by the sensor. Another embodiment of the invention comprises a method for injecting catalyst from a catalyst injection system into a FCC unit that includes the steps of dispensing catalyst for a catalyst injection system into a fluid catalytic cracking unit, sensing an output in the fluid catalytic cracking unit, and automatically adjusting the amount of catalyst dispensed in response to the at least one sensed metric.
摘要:
A method of operating a gas generating system for generating a hydrogen-rich product gas by partial oxidation or autothermal reforming includes operating a reactor approximately adiabatically. The ratio of the mole flow O2/mole flow C-atomsfuel (O2/C ratio) is controlled on the basis of the temperature of the educts and of the reaction temperature. For adjusting and maintaining an optimal O2/C ratio with respect to a high hydrogen yield, approximately an O2/C ratio corresponding of the present educt temperatures is adjusted and is corrected on the basis of the deviation of the reaction temperature from a desired reaction temperature. The O2/C ratio is then adjusted by controlling the oxygen-containing educt or the hydrocarbon-containing educt.
摘要:
A system and method for controlling a microwave heated chemical process is disclosed. Time varying concentrations of some chemical substances within fumes in the microwave oven are monitored to detect concentration variations for which responses are known. Responses to the detected variations are initiated to control the chemical process without terminating the process. Examples of responses include varying microwave radiation energy, initiating safety systems, increased venting of the microwave oven, and so forth.
摘要:
A pressure monitoring system in which pressure in a container causes a slide which extends out from the container, to be moved against a group of springs in cascade formation and which are screened from microwave radiation. The extent of such movement, which corresponds to changes in container pressure, is measured by means of a light transmitter and a receiver which cause light to be reflected off a reflective surface of the slide and then analyzed. Also disclosed is a process in which the heating of a container is controlled as a function of the differential quotient of pressure over time.
摘要:
Methods for simultaneously determining the concentrations of transition metal compounds in solutions containing two or more transition metal compounds are described. Polymerization reactor systems providing real-time monitoring and control of the concentrations of the transition metal components of a multicomponent catalyst system are disclosed, as well as methods for operating such polymerization reactor systems, and for improving methods of preparing the multicomponent catalyst system.
摘要:
Devices and methods for determining the cumulative distribution of a polymer property in a reactor without physical separation of reaction subcomponents. The device includes a means of measuring an instantaneous property of the polymers being produced in a reaction vessel a plurality of times during a polymerization reaction as well as a means of determining the corresponding change in polymer concentration in the reaction vessel between measurements of the instantaneous polymer property. The device also includes a means of computing a statistical distribution appropriate to the polymer characteristic and applying the statistical distribution to a recently measured instantaneous value of the polymer property so as to have an instantaneous distribution of the polymer property and a means of adding together the instantaneous distributions of the polymer property in order to obtain the cumulative distribution of the polymer property in the reactor.