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    Lubricants and polymeric additives therefor
    35.
    发明授权
    Lubricants and polymeric additives therefor 失效
    润滑剂及其高分子添加剂

    公开(公告)号：US3198739A

    公开(公告)日：1965-08-03

    申请号：US7140360

    申请日：1960-11-25

    申请人： SHELL OIL CO

    发明人： RICHARDS HARRY F ,  HERBERT JR STEPHEN A ,  MOORE ROBERT J

    IPC分类号： C10M145/14 ,  C10M159/00

    CPC分类号： C10M159/005 ,  C10M143/08 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M153/02 ,  C10M2205/028 ,  C10M2207/023 ,  C10M2207/024 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/04 ,  C10M2213/06 ,  C10M2215/06 ,  C10M2215/065 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/047 ,  C10M2223/065 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2229/00 ,  C10N2230/08 ,  C10N2240/12 ,  C10N2240/121 ,  C10N2240/14 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202

    摘要： Polymers suitable as lubricating oil additives and having a molecular weight in the range 1,000 to 1,000,000 consist of a linear carbon backbone chain and attached thereto at least two groups (A) which are oil-solubilising ester groups -COOR where R is alkyl, and at least two groups (B) -COOR1OH where R1 is a alkylene radical. The polymers may be prepared by copolymerizing alkyl acrylates or methacrylates with hydroxy-omega-hydroxy alkane esters of acrylic or methacrylic acids, optionally together with other monomers such as 1-alkenes, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids, vinyl ethers, allyl esters, and ethers, N-alkyl amides of unsaturated carboxylic acids, vinyl heterocyclic compounds and vinyl and allyl phosphates and phosphonates. Polymerization may be effected in the presence of inert solvents such as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, and conventional catalysts such as organic peroxides and hydroperoxides, alkali metal and ammonium persalts and azo compounds. Many suitable diluents, catalysts and monomers are listed and examples describe the copolymerization of stearyl methacrylate with (I and II) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate, (III) 1,3-dimethyl-o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate, (IV) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine, (V) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and bischlorethyl vinylphosphonate, (VI) o -hydroxyamyl acrylate, (VII) o -hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, (VIII) o -hydroxyhexyl methacrylate and triallyl phosphate and (IX) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone; and of lauryl methacrylate with (X) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and vinyl stearate. The copolymers may be added, together with conventional additives, to mineral lubricating oils.ALSO:Lubricating compositions comprise a mineral lubricating oil, e.g. derived from paraffinic, naphthenic or asphaltic crude oils, and a polymeric compound having a molecular weight in the range 1,000 to 1,000,000 and consisting of a linear carbon backbone chain and attached thereto at least two groups -COOR where R is C10- 20 alkyl and at least two groups -COOR1OH where R1 is C5- 7 alkylene. The polymers may be prepared by copolymerizing C10- 20 alkyl esters and hydroxy C5- 7 alkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids, optionally together with other monomers. Many suitable monomers are listed. The compositions may also contain antioxidants, e.g. phenolic compounds and arylamines, and anti-scuffing agents, e.g. organic phosphites, phosphonates and phosphates which may be chlorinated, and their sulphur analogues, and phosphorus pentasulphide-terpene reaction products, all of which are exemplified. Examples describe compositions comprising mineral lubricating oils and (A and B) stearyl methacrylate-o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate copolymers; (C) stearyl methacrylate - 1,3 - dimethyl - o - hydroxyamyl methacrylate copolymer; (D) stearyl methacrylate - o - hydroxyamyl methacrylate - 2 - methyl - 5 - vinyl pyridine copolymer; (E) stearyl methacrylate-o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate-bischlorethyl vinyl phosphonate copolymer; (F) stearyl methacrylate-o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate copolymer and 4,41-methylene bis-(2,6-di-t-butyl phenol); and (G) stearyl methacrylate - o - hydroxyamyl methacrylate copolymer, 4,41 - methylene bis - (2,6 - di - t - butyl phenol) and tricresyl phosphate. Other copolymers exemplified are of stearyl methacrylate and (VI) o -hydroxyamyl acrylate, (VII) o -hydroxyhexyl methacrylate, (VIII) o -hydroxyhexyl methacrylate and triallyl phosphate and (IX) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and vinyl pyrrolidone; and of lauryl methacrylate with (X) o -hydroxyamyl methacrylate and vinyl stearate.

    Copolymers of olefins with sulfonyloxy compounds
    36.
    发明授权
    Copolymers of olefins with sulfonyloxy compounds 失效
    烯烃与磺酰氧基化合物的共聚物

    公开(公告)号：US3073807A

    公开(公告)日：1963-01-15

    申请号：US82168659

    申请日：1959-06-22

    申请人： CALIFORNIA RESEARCH CORP

    发明人： STUART FRANK A ,  STEWART WILLIAM T ,  KAVANAGH FRANK W

    IPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/10 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/06 ,  C08L33/08 ,  C09G1/00 ,  C10M159/00

    CPC分类号： C10M159/005 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/062 ,  C08F2800/10 ,  C08F2800/20 ,  C10M1/08 ,  C10M3/00 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/02 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M153/02 ,  C10M2203/02 ,  C10M2203/022 ,  C10M2203/024 ,  C10M2203/04 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/022 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/14 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2205/17 ,  C10M2205/18 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2209/104 ,  C10M2209/105 ,  C10M2209/107 ,  C10M2209/108 ,  C10M2209/109 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/04 ,  C10M2213/06 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/087 ,  C10M2219/088 ,  C10M2219/089 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2221/041 ,  C10M2221/043 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2227/02 ,  C10M2229/00 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2240/04 ,  C10N2240/042 ,  C10N2240/044 ,  C10N2240/046 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  Y10S526/933 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F8/12 ,  C08F120/18 ,  C08F110/10

    摘要： A lubricating composition, especially suitable for use in internal combustion engines, comprises a major proportion by weight of a lubricating oil and a minor proportion by weight, sufficient to enhance the detergent characteristics of the composition, of an additive consisting of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule, which macromolecule comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least five alkylene oxide units with from two to seven carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon (e.g. a hydrogenated hydrocarbon, polymer, a chlorinated alkane/aryl compound condensation product or a high molecular weight alkylated hydrocarbon such as an alkylated wax), an alkylene oxide polymer or an etherification and/or esterification product thereof, or an ester such as di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, tricresyl phosphate or a silicate ester. The macromolecular additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oilsolubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid, or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a noncarboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH-ROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -0-, -5-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, iminocarbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. Specific macromolecular additives mentioned as suitable for addition to mineral lubricating oil are (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol. The lubricant composition may contain additional ingredients such as pour point depressants, oiliness and extreme pressure agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors (e.g. P2S5-treated pinene and divalent metal salts of organic dithiophosphoric acids), blooming agents, thickening agents, viscosity improvers (e.g. alkyl methacrylate polymers or butene polymers) or auxiliary detergents and antiwear agents (e.g. alkaline earth phenates of higher alkyl phenols).ALSO:An additive for lubricating oils (see Group III) consists of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule which comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least 5 alkylene oxide units with 2-7 carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oil-solubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONHROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -O-, -S-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, imino carbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. In the examples, the preparation is described of (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethelene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl monoether of polyethylene glycol.

    Preparation of graft copolymers
    37.
    发明授权
    Preparation of graft copolymers 失效
    接枝共聚物的制备

    公开(公告)号：US2926126A

    公开(公告)日：1960-02-23

    申请号：US55883356

    申请日：1956-01-13

    申请人： ROHM & HAAS

    发明人： GRAHAM ROGER K ,  GLUCKMAN MURIEL S

    IPC分类号： C08F265/04 ,  C10M159/00 ,  F02B3/06

    CPC分类号： C08F265/04 ,  C10M143/10 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M145/14 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M159/005 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2229/00 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y10S8/18

    摘要： Graft copolymers are prepared by exposing a mixture of a poly (alkyl acrylate), in which the alkyl portion contains no more than eighteen carbon atoms, and a monomer to high energy irradiation, the monomer being selected from alkyl acrylates and methacrylates in which the alkyl portion may be acyclic or cyclic and contains no more than eighteen carbon atoms, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, styrene, ring-substituted styrenes containing no more than a total of twenty carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted alkyl vinyl ethers in which the alkyl portion may be acyclic or cyclic and contains from two to eighteen carbon atoms and in which there are one or two hydroxy groups on the alkyl portion but never more than one hydroxy group on any one carbon atom and no hydroxy group is closer than two carbon atoms to the ether oxygen, alkanamidoalkyl vinyl ethers in which the non-vinyl portion contains from three to twenty-three carbon atoms, vinyl alkyl sulphides in which the alkyl portion contains no more than eighteen carbon atoms, hydroxy-substituted alkyl vinyl sulphides in which the alkyl portion contains from two to eighteen carbon atoms and in which there are one to two hydroxy groups on the alkyl portion but never more than one hydroxy group on any one carbon atom and no hydroxy group is closer than two carbon atoms to the sulphur atom, dialkylaminoalkyl vinyl sulphides in which the dialkyl portion attached to the amino nitrogen considered individually may contain up to eight carbon atoms and considered collectively may form a fiveto six-membered heterocyclic amino group with the amino nitrogen atom and in which the amino nitrogen atom is always tertiary and is connected to the sulphur atom by means of an alkylene group of two to eighteen carbon atoms, N-vinyl lactams and alkyl-substituted N-vinyl lactams containing from six to twenty carbon atoms, alkyl vinyl sulphones in which the alkyl portion contains no more than eighteen carbon atoms, N-vinylalkyleneureas containing from five to twelve carbon atoms, and N-vinyl-N1-aminoalkylalkylene ureas containing from seven to twenty carbon atoms. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 820,120.ALSO:Graft copolymers are prepared by exposing a mixture of a poly(alkylacrylate), in which the alkyl portion contains no more than 18 carbon atoms, and a monomer to high energy radiation (see Group IV(a)). They may be used as additives to wax-containing lubricating oils, fuel oils and diesel fuel. The monomer is chosen from certain alkyl or cycloalkyl acrylates or methacrylates, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, styrene, ring-substituted styrenes, hydroxy-substituted alkyl or cycloalkylvinyl ethers, alkanamidoalkyl vinyl ethers, vinyl alkyl sulphides, hydroxy-substituted alkyl vinyl sulphides, dialkylaminoalkyl vinyl sulphides, alkyl vinylsulphides wherein the alkyl group carries a heterocyclic nitrogen-containing substituent, N-vinyl lactams, alkyl-substituted N-vinyl lactams, alkyl vinyl sulphone, N-vinyl-alkylene ureas and N-vinyl-N1-amino-alkyl-alkylene ureas. Reference has been directed by the Comptroller to Specification 820,120.