摘要:
An air-conditioning apparatus includes a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the heat medium sent from each of the intermediate heat exchangers to each of the use-side heat exchangers, and a temperature of the heat medium that has exited each of the use-side heat exchangers, an opening degree controller for regulating a flow rate of the heat medium through each of the heat medium flow control devices, and a computing unit for computing a usage capacity of each of the indoor units from a rotation speed of the pump, an opening degree of each of the heat medium flow control devices, temperatures detected by the temperature sensors, and power consumption of each of the indoor units, and proportionally dividing the power consumption for a common portion among each of the indoor units based on the computed usage capacity and the power consumption of the common portion.
摘要:
A method for selecting a heat medium in installing an air-conditioning system includes: determining power required for use side heat exchangers corresponding to a plurality of air-conditioned spaces; calculating a total refrigerant amount required when a refrigerant is circulated through all the use side heat exchangers having the determined power; calculating a refrigerant concentration when the total refrigerant amount leaks to each air-conditioned space using the refrigerant, for each air-conditioned space; determining the refrigerant concentration for each air-conditioned space exceeds a predetermined limit concentration; when any air-conditioned space exceeds the limit concentration, selecting, as a nontoxic medium, the circulation heat medium of the use side heat exchanger installed in one of the air-conditioned spaces; and calculating a total refrigerant amount required when the refrigerant is circulated through all other use side heat exchangers.
摘要:
A detector for detecting a different kind of object among objects being carried with high resolution using a plane spectrometer irradiates near-infrared ray and performs plane spectroscopy for a reflected light. The detector also detects spectral data of the reflected light and performs preprocessing for averaging and standardizing the spectral data. Then wavelength axis averaging, Lagrangian interpolation and spatial axis averaging are performed. Conversion of first-order/second-order differentiation, smoothing and calculation of the main component score on the basis of previously obtained loading vector data is also performed. Then performing judgment of a different kind of object is performed.
摘要:
An electronic device includes a printed circuit board with multiple lands and through holes and an electronic element with multiple terminals on the board. Each terminal is coupled with the land through a solder. The lands include a surface land on the board and an insertion land on a sidewall of the through hole. The terminals include a branch terminal having an insertion member and a surface member. The insertion member is coupled with the insertion land through the solder. The surface member is coupled with the surface land through the solder. The surface member is parallel to the printed circuit board. The insertion member is perpendicular to the printed circuit board. The insertion member extends from a part of the surface member, which faces the surface land and disposed above the through hole.
摘要:
A ball grid array includes: a semiconductor chip having multiple pads; and an interposer for mounting the semiconductor chip on a first surface. The interposer includes multiple wirings on the first surface and multiple ball terminals on a second surface opposite to the first surface. Each wiring is connected to a corresponding pad of the semiconductor chip, and is electrically connected to a corresponding ball terminal. At least one of ball terminals providing a power supply terminal or a ground terminal provides a common ball terminal for connecting to at least two of the pads of the semiconductor chip through two wirings.
摘要:
An electronic device includes a printed circuit board and an electronic element having a terminal. The terminal has a surface section and an insertion section. The printed circuit board includes a through hole extending from a first surface to a second surface of the printed circuit board, a surface land disposed on the first surface, and an insertion land integrally disposed on a sidewall of the through hole and on a periphery around the through hole. The surface section is coupled with the surface land through a solder. The insertion section is disposed in the through hole and is coupled with the insertion land through the solder. The surface section has a recess part and a portion of recess part is disposed so as to be axially aligned with a portion of the through hole.
摘要:
An electronic device includes a printed circuit board having lands and an electronic element having a body and terminals. First and second lands provide a zigzag pattern. Each first land is coupled with the first terminal, and each second land is coupled with the second terminal. The second terminal includes a first parallel member, a first connection member, a second parallel member and a first mounting member. The first parallel member is completely embedded in the body, or another part of the first parallel member exposed from the body is shorter than the second parallel member. A second height between the second parallel member and the printed circuit board is smaller than a first height between the first parallel member and the printed circuit board.
摘要:
In an A/D conversion control apparatus for use in an electronic controller such as an engine ECU of a vehicle, each of successive sets of A/D converted values of an analog signal (each set comprising 3 or more values) is processed to obtain a median value of the set, and the median values are subjected to digital smoothing processing to obtain successive final result values, with effects of noise contained in the analog signal being effectively excluded. The final result values are suitable as control data, supplied to a control device such as a microcomputer of an ECU.
摘要:
A control system and method for controlling operation of a group of linear solenoids, which in turn control operation of an electrical load such as a solenoid or actuator, that exhibits increased responsiveness to a change in the target linear solenoid load current. A microcomputer cyclically generates and outputs pulse-width-modulated drive signals based on acquired drive data to establish clock periods. A switch connected between the microcomputer and the target load switchably connects the target load to a power source based on the drive data to selectively drive the target load. A feedback loop between the target load and the microcomputer provides actual target load drive data to the microcomputer, and the microcomputer adjusts the drive signals at a rate of not more than two times per cycle based on the actual drive data to converge the actual drive data to a calculated target load drive value. The present invention also provides an apparatus that prevents a drop in controller current control responsiveness due to signal response delay produced by feedback or the drive system. A converter converts input signals to digital values at a conversion cycle shorter than a cycle of the input signals. A data storage device sequentially stores digital values obtained from the converter, and a processor calculates a mean value to fetch the stored digital values for a cycle time of the input signals, and computes an arithmetic mean of the fetched digital values for target control purposes.
摘要:
An oxygen concentration sensor element impedance detecting apparatus and method that maintains sensor detection accuracy by shortening the sweeping time period of an element impedance detecting voltage. A sub-microcomputer performs at least two sweeping actions for switching an element application voltage Vo from a reference voltage to a sweeping voltage when it once detects the element impedance of the oxygen concentration sensor AFS, and A/D converts only one of the element application voltage Vo and an element current detecting voltage Vi during the sweep, to shorten the sweeping time period. A sensor drive circuit prevents the element application voltage Vo from being changed by the element current. Even if element application voltage Vo detection and element current detecting voltage Vi detection are performed by separate sweeps, detection results substantially identical to those of the case in which detection of those two voltages are performed during one sweep are obtained.