Abstract:
A method for producing a metal layer with a given thickness includes the step of measuring an electrical resistance of the metal layer via connections on a starting layer provided under the metal layer. The resistance measurement is performed during or after the deposition of the metal layer. The layer thickness of the deposited metal layer is determined from the resistance measurement. Depending on the thickness of the already deposited metal layer, the deposition process is continued or repeated until a metal layer with a desired thickness is produced.
Abstract:
An atomizing gas, such as steam, and a hot fluid comprising a hot liquid to be atomized, are passed under pressure, through separate fluid conduits in a heat exchange means, in which the hot liquid heats the steam to a superheat temperature, by indirect heat exchange. The superheated steam is then injected into the hot fluid, which comprises a two-phase fluid comprising steam and the hot liquid, subsequent to the superheated steam injection. The two-phase fluid is passed through an atomizing means, such as an orifice, into a lower pressure atomizing zone, which causes the steam to expand and atomize the liquid into a spray of liquid droplets. The two-phase fluid is formed before or as a consequence of the superheated steam injection and is preferably steam-continuous when passed through the atomizing means. This process is useful for atomizing a hot feed oil for a fluid cat cracking (FCC) process.
Abstract:
A mixer and a method for mixing and press-sliding a mixture of an ion-conducting polymer or a raw material of the ion-conducting polymer with a powdered substance 11 are disclosed. Due to the effective press-sliding process of this invention, the powdered substance 11 is effectively coated with the ion-conducting polymer 12.
Abstract:
A jetting device and a method of jetting droplets of viscous medium onto a substrate. The jetting device includes a jetting outlet through which the droplets are jetted. The jetting device further includes a wall located at the jetting outlet, downstream of the jetting outlet seen in the jetting direction. The wall is provided with an orifice through which jetted droplets are permitted to pass through. A gaseous flow is provided within the space past the jetting outlet such that an adverse effect on the performance of the jetting device is prevented, the adverse effect resulting from the accumulation of viscous medium residue at the jetting outlet.
Abstract:
A spray extension device for a spray can includes at least a pair of telescopable extension tubes fitted to and in fluid communication with the valve stem of a spray can. Advantageously, the extension tubes are fitted to a closure cap which, in turn, is fitted to the valve stem, and, thereby, in fluid communication with the interior of the can. Depressing of the closure cap causes the valve stem to issue fluid therethrough, into the tubes.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for manufacturing plastic optical transmission medium. The subject method and apparatus can produce a variety of optical transmission medium, including for example, graded refractive index polymer optical fiber, graded refractive index rod lens, and step index polymer optical fiber. The subject optical transmission medium have improved characteristics and efficiency, due, at least in part, to better control of the profile of the refractive index distribution and stable high temperature operation of the medium. High efficiency of manufacturing can be achieved by the subject method and apparatus which can permit continuous extrusion at high speed.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, non-biological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc. Once prepared, these materials can be screened for useful properties including, for example, electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, optical, magnetic, chemical, or other properties. Thus, the present invention provides methods for the parallel synthesis and analysis of novel materials having useful properties.
Abstract:
Circumscribing rectangles of respective characters in a document image are obtained. In a first pair as a pair of a first circumscribing rectangle in a first line (a line of A1 to A7) serving as a reference line, and a second circumscribing rectangle in a second line (a line of B1 to B4 or C1 to C7) as one of lines other than the reference line, and a second pair as a pair of a third circumscribing rectangle in the first line, and a fourth circumscribing rectangle in the second line, of these circumscribing rectangles, at least one of the circumscribing rectangles included in these pairs is controlled to vary the distance between the circumscribing rectangles of the first pair, and the distance between the circumscribing rectangles of the second pair in accordance with digital watermark information to be embedded, thereby embedding the digital watermark information.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods and systems for temporarily protecting LCD glass by (1) coating the glass material with a hydrophobic coating and (2) removing the hydrophobic coating and any contaminants by either plasma cleaning, pyrolysis cleaning, or a combination of both cleaning methods.
Abstract:
Apparatus for coating a support such as a monolithic catalyst support (5) comprises a dispenser (1) for dispensing a predetermined quantity of coating liquid, a containment (2) for the liquid and a source of vacuum (8, 9) which can be actuated to draw the entire quantity of coating liquid into the support (5). The apparatus and method are particularly useful for coating car catalysts without wastage and with increased design options.