摘要:
A controller (100 in FIG. 1) for relieving a gear shift shock in a vehicle, comprising an input torque calculation portion (131) which calculates the input torque (T.sub.t) of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism of the vehicle from engine r.p.m. (N.sub.e) and turbine r.p.m. (N.sub.e), a shift start recognition portion (134) which recognizes the real mechanical shift start timing of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism in accordance with the change of the input torque (T.sub.t), a line-pressure correction magnitude calculation portion (142) which calculates a line-pressure correction magnitude (.DELTA.PL) during the gear shift operation of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism when the shift start has been recognized, a standard line pressure calculation portion (143) which calculates a standard line pressure (PL), and a command line pressure calculation portion (144) which adds the line-pressure correction magnitude (.DELTA.PL) to the standard line pressure (PL) and which delivers the resulting sum to a valve (52) for controlling the oil pressure of the hydraulic circuit of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism.
摘要:
A controller (100 in FIG. 1) for relieving a gear shift shock in a vehicle, comprising an input torque calculation portion (131) which calculates the input torque (T.sub.t) of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism of the vehicle from engine r.p.m. (N.sub.e) and turbine r.p.m. (N.sub.e), a shift start recognition portion (134) which recognizes the real mechanical shift start timing of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism in accordance with the change of the input torque (T.sub.t), a line-pressure correction magnitude calculation portion (142) which calculates a line-pressure correction magnitude (.DELTA.PL) during the gear shift operation of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism when the shift start has been recognized, a standard line pressure calculation portion (143) which calculates a standard line pressure (PL), and a command line pressure calculation portion (144) which adds the line-pressure correction magnitude (.DELTA.PL) to the standard line pressure (PL) and which delivers the resulting sum to a valve (52) for controlling the oil pressure of the hydraulic circuit of the stepped automatic transmission mechanism.
摘要:
An engine control unit is configured to detect the revolution of an engine and to obtain the intensity of both the first order component of revolution for every combustion (one cycle per combustion) and the second order component of revolution. The second order is twice as much as the first order component. The unit further obtains dispersion or deviation in these intensities. Thereby, it is possible to detect combustion conditions and to correct them to desirable conditions.
摘要:
A magnetic disk system which records and reproduces data on a magnetic disk at different data transfer rates depending on a track position on the disk includes a transversal waveform equalizing circuit which implements an optimal waveform shaping for a readout waveform. The waveform equalizing circuit consists of a register, a frequency synthesizer, a PLL, and a transversal circuit. The transversal circuit consists of variable delay circuits, variable gain amplifiers, and an adder. The frequency synthesizer produces a write clock signal having a frequency which corresponds to a value stored in the register which depends on the data transfer rate, and the PLL responds to the write clock signal to produce a control signal by which the delay time of the transversal circuit is controlled. Consequently, the delay characteristic is not affected by disparity of circuit components of the transversal circuit, and the write clock frequency and the delay time of the transversal circuit can be set to intended values by merely changing the value stored in the register in response to a variation of the data transfer rate.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes an MOS field effect transistor having a structure in which the tops of its source/drain regions are covered with a polycrystalline silicon layer. The impurity concentration distribution in its depth direction of the source/drain regions of the MOS field effect transistor is such that the concentration is sufficiently high in an area necessary to have conductivity a prescribed depth away from the surface of the semiconductor substrate, and the impurity concentration drastically decreases in areas deeper than that. Thus, a punch through phenomenon in positions relatively deep in the channel region is suppressed, and an MOS field effect transistor having its channel length reduced to 0.5 .mu.m and less and achieving high performance can be obtained. Such an MOS field effect transistor can be produced by implanting an impurity a number of times, controlling appropriately the peak value and the peak position of the impurity concentration, before and after or only after the formation of the polycrystalline silicon layer.
摘要:
A superconducting transistor with superior withstand voltage having source region and a drain region formed of oxide superconductors 3, a PrBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x layer 2 or an ScBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x layer 2 forming an intermediate region sandwiched by the source and drain regions. The regions are disposed on a substrate 1. An insulation layer 4 is disposed on the intermediate region. A transistor uses the intermediate region as an insulator when the gate is turned off, and as a superconductor when the gate is turned on.
摘要:
A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate having a main surface, an isolating insulator film formed on the main surface and having a substantially vertical side wall, a plurality of semiconductor element regions, which are separated from each other by the isolating insulator film, for forming semiconductor circuit elements therein, a first impurity region formed in the substrate to a predetermined depth from an interface between the isolating insulator film and the substrate by ion implantation, second impurity regions formed in the element regions simultaneously with the first impurity region by the ion implantation and located at a predetermined depth from the main surface, and a side wall insulator film formed by anisotropic etching on the vertical wall of the isolating insulator film.
摘要:
An image-forming machine equipped with a transfer device of the type not using a transfer corona discharger is disclosed. A charge supply member is disposed opposite to an image forming member on whose surface a toner image is to be formed, and at a greater distance than the thickness of a transfer material from the image forming member. A voltage of a predetermined polarity is applied to the charge supply member. In a transfer zone, the surface of the transfer material is brought into contact with the surface of the image forming member, while the back of the transfer material is not contacted with the surface of the charge supply member.
摘要:
By making a folded waveform of a folding circuit sharp, the number of elements used in an ADC is reduced and less power consumption is achieved. A folding circuit is composed of a plurality of master-comparator latches, a pair of wiring means for master-to-slave connection, and a slave latch. By means of the wiring means, the non-inverted outputs and the inverted outputs of the master-comparators latches are alternately drawn in the order of magnitude of reference voltages, superimposed, and fed into a pair of inputs of the slave latch. A Gray code signal is directly encoded by an encoder according to the output of the slave latch. A folded signal, which is the output of the folding circuit, takes a sharp waveform. The number of slave latches can be reduced. No XOR gates are required.
摘要:
A ceramic sensor (12) comprising a thin film (14) of Cu.sub.1=x Mn.sub.2-x O.sub.4-y is provided that quantitatively measures the partial pressure of CO gas in a flowing system (22). The sensor is specific to CO gas and is negligibly affected by the presence of the common automobile exhaust vapors NO, H.sub.2 O, and CH.sub.4, within the operational temperature range from about 250.degree. to 450.degree. C. The CO sensor of the invention has other applications, such as monitoring CO levels in laboratories, mines, and industrial smoke stacks, and may be used in environments up to about 700.degree. C.