摘要:
A process for improving the activity of tellurium containing metal oxide catalysts useful as catalysts for oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds by heating the catalysts together with a tellurium containing solid and an optional molybdenum containing solid to a temperature up to about 900.degree. C. in a gaseous atmosphere. The process can be effectively applied to deteriorated or spent catalysts, the activity of which has been deteriorated due to use for a long period of time. The tellurium containing solid used as an activity improving agent is elemental tellurium and the molybdenum containing solid is selected from the group consisting of (i) a molybdenum compound, (ii) at least one molybdenum compound supported on an inert carrier, and (iii) a molybdenum enriched catalyst prepared by adding a Mo component to a metal oxide catalyst (which may be a fresh catalyst or a deteriorated catalyst). In a particularly preferred embodiment, the process for improving the activity according to the present invention can be carried out by contacting the deteriorated tellurium containing metal oxide catalyst with the elemental tellurium and optional molybdenum-containing solid in a fluidized-bed. More preferably, the contact is carried out during the oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation reaction.
摘要:
A process for improving the activity of tellurium containing metal oxide catalysts useful as catalysts for oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds by heating the catalysts together with an activity-improving agent to a temperature up to about 900.degree. C. in a gaseous atmosphere. The process can be effectively applied to deteriorated or spent catalysts, the activity of which has been deteriorated due to use for a long period of time. The activity improviding agent is selected from the group consisting of(i) a tellurium-molybdenum compound unsupported or supported on an inert carrier;(ii) a dry mixture of a tellurium compound and a molybdenum containing material selected from the group consisting of a molybdenum compound, a molybdenum enriched catalyst and a molybdenum compound supported on an inert carrier;(iii) a dry mixture of a tellurium enriched catalyst and a molybdenum compound unsupported or supported on an inert carrier; and(iv) a dry mixture of a tellurium compound supported on an inert carrier and a molybdenum containing material selected from the group consisting of a molybdenum compound, a molybdenum enriched catalyst and a molybdenum compound supported on an inert carrier. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the process according to the present invention can be carried out by contacting the tellurium containing metal oxide catalysts with the activity-improving agent in a fluidized-bed. More preferably, the contact is carried out during the oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative hydrogenation reaction.
摘要:
A regeneration process for tellurium-containing metal oxide catalysts used in the process for oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of organic compounds at a temperature of about 300.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The process can be effectively applied to such catalysts which have become partially deactivated during the reaction. According to the present process, the deactivated catalyst is regenerated at the reaction temperature under a non-reductive atompshere by contacting the deactivated catalyst with a tellurium-enriched metal oxide catalyst having a tellurium content higher than that of a fresh metal oxide catalyst used in the reaction, or by contacting the deactivated catalyst at the reaction temperature with a tellurium-molybdenum-enriched catalyst system selected from the group consisting of (i) a physical blend of a tellurium-enriched catalyst and a molybdenum-enriched catalyst and (ii) a tellurium-molybdenum-enriched catalyst, the tellurium and molybdenum contents being higher than those of the fresh metal oxide catalyst used in the reaction. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the process is applied to tellurium-containing metal oxide catalysts in a fluidized bed. More preferably, the process is carried out during the oxidation, ammoxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation reaction.
摘要:
An amplifier or oscillator transistor circuit with low power consumption has a first transistor for amplification or oscillation and a biassing circuit for supplying a D.C. biassing voltage to the base of the first transistor. The biassing circuit comprises a voltage dividing resistor having an output terminal for providing a divided D.C. voltage. A second transistor has an emitter follower circuit with a base which is connected to the output terminal. Its emitter is coupled to the base of the first transistor to provide the D.C. biassing voltage. Furthermore, the first transistor means has an inverse conductive junction accompanied to the junction of the second transistor.
摘要:
Antimony-containing metal oxide catalysts are produced or activated by dry blending (a) a catalyst or catalyst precursor composed of an antimony-containing metal oxides composition containing antimony and at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, cerium, uranium, tin, titanium, and copper, and (b) elemental antimony or an antimony compound, and contacting the components (a) and (b) with each other at about 300.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. in a non-reducing gas atmosphere for a period sufficient for the elemental antimony or antimony compound (b) to deposit on the catalyst or catalyst precursor (a).
摘要:
A process for regenerating a deteriorated iron-antimony oxide containing catalyst comprising as essential components (i) iron, (ii) antimony, (iii) at least one element selected from the group consisting of vanadium, molybdenum and tungsten and (iv) tellurium, having the crystalline structure of an iron-antimony oxide compound, being substantially free of free antimony trioxide (Sb.sub.2 O.sub.3) and containing at least 50 wt % of the original tellurium content of the fresh catalyst which comprises calcining said catalyst under a non-reducing atmosphere at a temperature of from about 600.degree. to 950.degree. C. and in the vicinity of or lower than the final calcining temperature used for producing the catalyst.
摘要翻译:一种用于再生含铁氧化锑的催化剂的方法,其包含作为必要组分(i)铁,(ii)锑,(iii)至少一种选自钒,钼和钨的元素和(iv)碲, 具有铁 - 氧化锑化合物的结晶结构,基本上不含游离的三氧化锑(Sb 2 O 3),并且含有至少50重量%的新鲜催化剂的原始碲含量,其包括在非还原气氛下煅烧所述催化剂 温度为约600℃至950℃,并且在用于制备催化剂的最终煅烧温度附近或以下。
摘要:
A process for preparing acrylonitrile from propylene, which comprises contacting a mixture of propylene, molecular oxygen and ammonia in the vapor phase at a temperature of about 380.degree. to about 500.degree. C. and a pressure of about atmospheric pressure to about 3 Kg/cm.sup.2 -G with a catalyst composition comprising active components of the following empirical formulaFe.sub.a Sb.sub.b Me.sub.c Te.sub.d Q.sub.e R.sub.f O.sub.gwherein Me is at least one element selected from the group consisting of V, Mo and W; Q is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Cu, Mg, Zn, La, Ce, Al, Cr, Mn, Cor, Ni, Bi and Sn; and R is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P and B; a, b, c, d, e, f and g each represents atomic ratios, and when a is 10, 15.ltoreq. b .ltoreq.60, 1
摘要翻译:一种从丙烯制备丙烯腈的方法,包括在约380℃至约500℃的温度和约大气压至约3Kg / cm 2的压力下使气相中的丙烯,分子氧和氨的混合物接触 -G,其具有包含以下经验式FeAsbbMecTedQeRfOg的活性组分的催化剂组合物,其中Me是选自V,Mo和W中的至少一种元素; Q是选自Cu,Mg,Zn,La,Ce,Al,Cr,Mn,Cor,Ni,Bi和Sn中的至少一种元素; 并且R是选自P和B中的至少一种元素; a,b,c,d,e,f和g各自表示原子比,当a为10时,15≤b≤60,1
摘要:
A process for producing a catalyst comprising an antimony-containing oxide which comprises the steps of (A) calcining a mixture of metal oxides containing, as essential components, an oxide of antimony and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, uranium, tin and copper, said calcining being at temperatures of from about 500.degree. C to about 1000.degree. C; (B) impregnating with or spraying onto said calcined mixture of metal oxides (a) an aqueous solution or a suspension containing (1) at least one compound of a metal selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, vanadium and tungsten, said metal compound being thermally convertible to an oxide of said metal, and (2) a tellurium compound, said tellurium compound being thermally convertible to a tellurium oxide, or (b) an aqueous solution or a suspension containing said metal compound (1) and an aqueous solution or a suspension containing said tellurium compound (2); (C) drying said impregnated or sprayed mixture of metal oxides and (D) calcining said dried mixture of metal oxides at a temperature of from about 400.degree. C to about 850.degree. C, wherein said calcining (D) is at a temperature lower than said calcining (A).
摘要:
This invention provides a process for simultaneously producing methacrylonitrile and butadiene which comprises contacting a mixture of mixed butenes containing isobutene and n-butenes, oxygen and ammonia as the substantial reactants with a catalyst containing as the active component a composition having the empirical formula Fe.sub.10.sub.- W.sub.1-30 X.sub.0.01-15 Me.sub.0.01-5 O.sub.12-143 wherein X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of P, B and Te, and Me represents V and/or Mo in vapor phase.
摘要:
In the intermediate process state estimation method, two generators are used, and as well as inputting a common input noise to the respective generators, a label corresponding to a certain step is input to one generator and a label corresponding to a step different from the certain step is input to the other generator. Then, one of generation data and training data generated by the respective generators is randomly input to a discriminator, and the generators and the discriminator learn in an adversarial manner from the discrimination result in the discriminator. Then, an input noise corresponding to a desired final state and a label corresponding to a step where it is desired that an intermediate process state be estimated are input to the learned generator to estimate the intermediate process state based on the generation data generated by the generator.