摘要:
Two-terminal switching devices characterized by high on/off current ratios and by high breakdown voltage are provided. These devices can be employed as switches in the driving circuits of active matrix displays, e.g., in electrophoretic, rotating element and liquid crystal displays. The switching devices include two electrodes, and a layer of a broad band semiconducting material residing between the electrodes. According to one example, the cathode comprises a metal having a low work function, the anode comprises an organic material having a p+ or p++ type of conductivity, and the broad band semiconductor comprises a metal oxide. The work function difference between the cathode and the anode material is preferably at least about 0.6 eV. The on/off current ratios of at least 10,000 over a voltage range of about 15 V can be achieved. The devices can be formed, if desired, on flexible polymeric substrates having low melting points.
摘要:
A method of annealing a metal oxide on a temperature sensitive substrate formation includes the steps of providing a temperature sensitive substrate formation and forming a spacer layer on a surface of the temperature sensitive substrate formation. A metal oxide semiconductor device is formed on the spacer layer, the device includes at least a layer of metal oxide semiconductor material, an interface of the metal oxide layer with a dielectric layer, and a gate metal layer adjacent the layer of metal oxide semiconductor material and the interface. The method then includes the step of at least partially annealing the layer of metal oxide semiconductor material by heating the adjacent gate metal layer with pulses of infra red or visible light radiation.
摘要:
A multichannel fiber optic module has an electromagnetic shield surrounding high frequency electrical components which is electrically and mechanically coupled to one or more guide rails near edges of a printed circuit board. The one or more guide rails of the printed circuit board include a ground trace on the top and/or bottom surfaces of the printed circuit board. The fiber optic module can be hot inserted into a module cage which has guide rail slots for mating with the guide rails of the fiber optic module. Through the guide rail slots, electromagnetic radiation from the fiber optic module is shunted to a ground plane to which the module cage is coupled on a host chassis ground. Standard singular fiber receptacles are used for the parallel data link modules to allow field cable termination.
摘要:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser includes a first mirror region forming a first distributed Bragg reflector, a first cladding region, an active region, a second cladding region including a high electrical resistance implanted region positioned to define a current path, a second mirror region, and a current spreading region. A first electrical contact is positioned on the current spreading region and a second electrical contact is positioned to conduct electrical current in circuit with the first electrical contact through the current path. The current spreading region and the second mirror region cooperate to produce substantially uniform current distribution in the current path. A third mirror region is positioned on the current spreading region. The second and third mirror regions cooperate to provide a complete distributed Bragg reflector.
摘要:
Planar index guided vertical cavity surface emitting laser (PIG VCSEL) utilizes index guiding to provide improved optical confinement and proton implantation to improve current confinement. Index guiding is achieved by etching index guide openings (holes or partial ridges) around the optical confinement region and may be adjusted by varying the etched volume of the index guide openings (holes and partial ridges). The top contact surface area is increased in the PIG VCSEL thereby lowering contact and device resistance to improve VCSEL performance further. The PIG VCSEL is a substantially planarized device for ease of manufacture.
摘要:
Organic electroluminescent apparatus including an organic electroluminescent device for emitting blue-green light. A microcavity structure receives the blue-green light and is tuned to a resonance such that the blue-green light is enhanced to blue and green light. A color converting medium receives and absorbs the blue-green light and emits red light in response thereto.
摘要:
Modulated integrated optically pumped vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are formed by integrating an electrically pumped semiconductor laser and a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) together with a means of direct modulation of the electrically pumped semiconductor laser. In the preferred embodiments, the electrically pumped semiconductor laser is a type of folded cavity surface emitting laser (FCSEL). In a number of embodiments, the FCSEL is partitioned into two sections by a gap in material layers. In these embodiments, one section of the FCSEL is biased so as to maintain the generation of photons at a constant power level to pump the optically pumped VCSEL while the second section of the FCSEL is used for modulation and causes the optically pumped VCSEL to be modulated above the threshold. In another embodiment, an electric-absorption modulator is sandwiched between an electrically pumped FCSEL and an optically pumped VCSEL. The electric-absorption modulator acts similar to a camera shutter and allows photons to pass through from the electrically pumped FCSEL to the optically pumped VCSEL when in one state and attenuates photons before reaching the optically pumped VCSEL when in another state.
摘要:
An organic EL device includes a cathode, an organic electroluminescent layer and an anode, laminated in sequence. The organic layer is composed of a continuous organic medium AxByCz, where A, B and C are components capable of transporting electrons and holes and a hole injecting component, respectively, x represents the content of the A component with a value ranging from 0 adjacent the anode to 100% adjacent the cathode, y represents the content of the B component with a value ranging from 0 adjacent the cathode to 100% adjacent the anode, and z represents the content of the C component and is a maximum adjacent the anode. The C component includes a hole injecting component such as porphyrinic compound, for example one of CuPc and MgPc.
摘要:
Light emitting apparatus is disclosed including a thin film transistor, a capacitor and an organic electroluminescent device. The thin film transistor includes a semiconductive layer having spaced apart first and second doped regions defining first and second current carrying terminals with a channel therebetween, an insulating layer overlying the channel and a control terminal formed on the insulating layer. A portion of the control terminal overlies a portion of the first doped region to form the capacitor. The organic electroluminescent device includes a first terminal connected to the second current carrying terminal.
摘要:
An integrated electro-optical package including a plurality of organic light emitting devices (LEDs) directly interconnected to external driver circuits utilizing a printed circuit board, having formed therein a plurality of plated through-hole vias and a method of fabricating the integrated electro-optical package. The organic LEDs are fabricated on a supporting substrate and include vertical interconnections to driver and control circuits mounted on an uppermost surface of a printed circuit board (PCB). The vertical interconnections are formed utilizing plated through-hole conductive vias formed in the printed circuit board, conductive leads, and conductive epoxy. A hermetic seal is formed by positioning a sealing ring formed on the printed circuit board in sealing contact with a sealing area on the surface of the substrate so as to hermetically seal the organic light emitting devices.