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公开(公告)号：US5456225A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-10
申请号：US292557
申请日：1994-08-18
CPC分类号： F01L1/267 , F02B2275/18
摘要： A valve operating device for use in an internal combustion engine for varying operating characteristics of a pair of engine valves (20) in multi-stages depending upon operating conditions of the engine. A cam shaft (31) is provided with a high-speed cam (32), a pair of medium-speed cams disposed on opposite sides of the high-speed cam (32), and a pair of low-speed cams (34) disposed between the medium-speed cams (33) and the high-speed cam (32). A rocker shaft (35) is provided with a first free rocker arm (36) in sliding contact with the high-speed cam (32), a pair of driving rocker arms (37) operatively connected to the pair of engine valves (20), respectively, and in sliding contact with the low-speed cams (34), and a pair of second free rocker arms (38) disposed with the driving rocker arms (37) interposed between the second free rocker arms (38) and the first free rocker arm (36) to be in sliding contact with the medium-speed cams (33). First and second connection switching means (39, 40) are provided and separately switchable between states for selectively connecting the various rocker arms for operating the driving rocker arms (37) and engine valves (20) in low-speed, medium-speed and high-speed operating ranges of the engine.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的阀操作装置，用于根据发动机的操作条件多级地改变一对发动机气门（20）的工作特性。 凸轮轴（31）设置有高速凸轮（32），设置在高速凸轮（32）的相对侧上的一对中速凸轮和一对低速凸轮（34）， 设置在中速凸轮（33）和高速凸轮（32）之间。 摇臂轴（35）设置有与高速凸轮（32）滑动接触的第一自由摇臂（36），与所述一对发动机气门（20）可操作地连接的一对驱动摇臂（37） 和与低速凸轮（34）滑动接触的一对第二自由摇臂（38），其中驱动摇臂（37）设置在第二自由摇臂（38）和第一自由摇臂 自由摇臂（36）与中速凸轮（33）滑动接触。 提供第一和第二连接切换装置（39,40），并且可以在状态之间单独地切换，以选择性地连接用于以低速，中速和高速操作驱动摇臂（37）和发动机气门（20）的各种摇臂 - 发动机的速度工作范围。
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公开(公告)号：US5529032A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US397667
申请日：1995-02-28
申请人： Toshihiro Oikawa , Yukio Nakayama , Kenji Nakajima
发明人： Toshihiro Oikawa , Yukio Nakayama , Kenji Nakajima
IPC分类号： F02B75/02 , F01L1/08 , F01L1/26 , F01L1/38 , F01L13/00 , F01N3/20 , F01N3/24 , F02B69/06 , F02D13/02
CPC分类号： F01L1/267 , F01L1/08 , F02B69/06 , F02B2075/027 , F02B2275/18
摘要： A valve-operation control system for an internal combustion engine includes a timing transmitting device for transmitting the rotational power of a crankshaft at a speed reduction ratio of 1/4 to a cam shaft, and intake-side and exhaust-side valve operating devices. Each of the valve operating device includes a first cam provided on the cam shaft and having a single cam lobe protruding outwardly with a valve-opening profile suitable for an extremely low-speed operation of the engine, a second cam provided on the cam shaft and having a pair of cam lobes provided at locations circumferentially spaced apart through 180 degrees to protrude outwardly with an opening profile suitable for a low-speed operational state of the engine, a third cam provided on the cam shaft and having a pair of cam lobes provided at locations circumferentially spaced apart through 180 degrees to protrude outwardly with an opening profile suitable for a high-speed operational state of the engine, with first, second and third rocker arms following the first, second and third cams, respectively. A connection switchover device is provided in the first, second and third rocker arms for switching the selective connection and disconnection of the rocker arms in accordance with the operational state of the engine. The first rocker arm is operatively connected to the intake or exhaust valves for operation of the valves in an 8-cycle mode to inhibit the discharge of a harmful hydrocarbons at an extremely slow speed of the engine.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的阀门操作控制系统包括：定时传递装置，用于以与减速比1/4的凸轮轴和进气侧排气侧操作装置一起传递曲轴的旋转动力。 每个阀操作装置包括设置在凸轮轴上的第一凸轮，并且具有向外突出的单个凸轮凸角，其具有适于发动机的极低速操作的阀开口轮廓，设置在凸轮轴上的第二凸轮和 具有一对凸轮凸角，其设置在周向间隔开180度的位置处以向外突出并具有适于发动机的低速操作状态的开口轮廓;设置在凸轮轴上并具有一对凸轮凸角的第三凸轮 在周向间隔开180度的位置突出，具有适于发动机的高速操作状态的开口轮廓，第一，第二和第三摇臂分别跟随第一，第二和第三凸轮。 连接切换装置设置在第一，第二和第三摇臂中，用于根据发动机的操作状态切换摇臂的选择性连接和断开。 第一摇臂可操作地连接到进气门或排气门，用于以8循环模式操作阀，以抑制发动机速度极低的有害碳氢化合物的排放。
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公开(公告)号：US08669093B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-11
申请号：US10573813
申请日：2004-09-17
申请人： Mitsufumi Wade , Toshihiro Oikawa , Daisuke Mochizuki , Junko Tokuda , Miyuki Kawashima , Tadashi Araki , Reiko Abe , Hitoki Miyake , Hitoshi Takahashi , Hideki Sawai , Takashi Mimitsuka , Takashi Morishige , Yosuke Higashi
发明人： Mitsufumi Wade , Toshihiro Oikawa , Daisuke Mochizuki , Junko Tokuda , Miyuki Kawashima , Tadashi Araki , Reiko Abe , Hitoki Miyake , Hitoshi Takahashi , Hideki Sawai , Takashi Mimitsuka , Takashi Morishige , Yosuke Higashi
CPC分类号： C12P7/56
摘要： A method for producing D-lactic acid in high yield, and to provide a method for producing D-lactic acid with high selectivity, in which optical purity is high and a by-product organic acid is small. In one aspect, a microorganism, wherein activity of pyruvate formate-lyase (pfl) is inactivated or decreased, and further activity of Escherichia coli-derived NADH-dependent D-lactate dehydrogenase (ldhA) is enhanced, is cultured to efficiently produce D-lactic acid. With regard to a method for enhancing ldhA activity, by linking, on a genome, a gene encoding ldhA with a promoter of a gene which controls expression of a protein involved in a glycolytic pathway, a nucleic acid biosynthesis pathway or an amino acid biosynthesis pathway, suitable results are obtained compared to the method for enhancing expression of the gene using an expression vector. A microorganism in which a dld gene is substantially inactivated or decreased is cultured to produce high quality D-lactic acid with reduced concentration of pyruvic acid.
摘要翻译： 提供高产率D-乳酸的制造方法，提供高纯度的高纯度D-副乳酸和副产物有机酸的生产方法。 在一个方面，培养其中丙酮酸甲酸裂合酶（pfl）的活性失活或降低，并且进一步增强大肠杆菌来源的NADH依赖性D-乳酸脱氢酶（ldhA）的活性的微生物，以有效地产生D- 乳酸。 关于增强ldhA活性的方法，通过在基因组上连接编码ldhA的基因与控制糖酵解途径参与蛋白质的表达的基因的启动子，核酸生物合成途径或氨基酸生物合成途径 与使用表达载体增强基因表达的方法相比，获得了合适的结果。 培养其中dld基因基本上失活或减少的微生物被培养以产生具有降低的丙酮酸浓度的高质量D-乳酸。
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公开(公告)号：US20050054042A1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-10
申请号：US10885874
申请日：2004-07-08
申请人： Hitoki Miyake , Toshifumi Yamaki , Toshihiro Oikawa , Takeshi Nakamura , Hiroki Ishibashi , Yasushi Fukuiri , Atsushi Sakuma , Hironori Komatsu , Tomoyuki Ando , Kazuhiko Togashi , Hideki Umetani
发明人： Hitoki Miyake , Toshifumi Yamaki , Toshihiro Oikawa , Takeshi Nakamura , Hiroki Ishibashi , Yasushi Fukuiri , Atsushi Sakuma , Hironori Komatsu , Tomoyuki Ando , Kazuhiko Togashi , Hideki Umetani
CPC分类号： C12N9/88 , C12P7/58 , C12Y402/01039
摘要： A novel gluconate dehydratase derived from Achromobacter xylosoxidans and a gene encoding the gluconate dehydratase are provided. By reacting the gluconate dehydratase or a transformed cell containing the gene with an aldonic acid, the corresponding 2-keto-3-deoxyaldonic acid can be efficiently produced.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种衍生自木糖无色杆菌的新型葡萄糖酸脱水酶和编码葡萄糖酸脱水酶的基因。 通过使葡糖酸脱水酶或含有该基因的转化细胞与醛糖酸反应，可以有效地制备相应的2-酮-3-脱氧醛酸。
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4955121A
公开(公告)日：1990-09-11
申请号：US71652
申请日：1987-07-09
申请人： Masakazu Sato , Seiichi Koike , Toshihiro Oikawa , Keisuke Ban
发明人： Masakazu Sato , Seiichi Koike , Toshihiro Oikawa , Keisuke Ban
IPC分类号： B22D27/11
CPC分类号： B21K1/205 , B22D27/11 , Y10T29/49295 , Y10T29/49989
摘要： A method for casting a rocker arm made of light alloy for use in an overhead cam shaft type valve operating mechanism of an internal combustion engine, which rocker arm includes a thick-walled bearing section to be fitted on a rocker arm shaft and is integrally provided with a wear-resistive piece having a protrusion on its rear surface and adapted to abut a cam. After molten metal has been injected under pressure into a metallic mold for the rocker arm, a secondary pressurizing force directed in the direction of an imaginary center axis of a rocker arm shaft is exerted by means of a pressurizing rod. In the metallic mold for the rocker arm, a sprue is provided close to the position where the wear-resistive piece is disposed with respect to the position where the bearing section is formed, and the direction of the sprue is directed towards the position where the wear-resistive place is disposed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于铸造用于内燃机的顶部凸轮轴型阀操作机构的由轻合金制成的摇臂的方法，所述摇臂包括将被安装在摇臂轴上的厚壁轴承部分并且一体地设置 具有在其后表面上具有凸起并且适于邻接凸轮的耐磨件。 在压力下将熔融金属注入到用于摇臂的金属模具中之后，通过加压杆来施加沿摇臂轴的假想中心轴方向的二次加压力。 在用于摇臂的金属模具中，相对于形成有轴承部的位置，在耐磨件设置的位置附近设有浇道，并且浇道的方向被引导到 设置耐磨地点。
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公开(公告)号：US4748946A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-07
申请号：US70987
申请日：1987-07-08
申请人： Noriaki Fujii , Takeshi Iwata , Toshihiro Oikawa
发明人： Noriaki Fujii , Takeshi Iwata , Toshihiro Oikawa
IPC分类号： F01L1/04 , B23K26/06 , F01L1/053 , F01L1/12 , F01L1/18 , F01L1/26 , F02B1/04 , F02F1/24 , F02F1/38 , F02F1/42 , F02P13/00 , F02P15/00
CPC分类号： F02F1/4214 , F01L1/053 , F01L1/26 , F02B1/04 , F02B2275/20 , F02F2001/245
摘要： An SOHC type internal combustion engine having a cam shaft for opening and closing intake and exhaust valves via rocker arms, the cam shaft being held between a cam shaft receiving wall of a cylinder head and a cam shaft holder which is secured to the cam shaft receiving wall, wherein a hole for allowing insertion of an ignition plug into a plug mounting hole is formed in the cam shaft receiving wall and opens to the surface of the wall against which a cam shaft holder abuts, and a hole for guiding a high power cord for an ignition plug is formed between the mutually abutting surfaces of the cam shaft receiving wall and the cam shaft holder.
摘要翻译： 一种SOHC型内燃机，其具有用于通过摇臂打开和关闭进气和排气阀的凸轮轴，所述凸轮轴保持在气缸盖的凸轮轴接收壁和凸轮轴保持器之间，所述凸轮轴保持器固定到所述凸轮轴接收 壁，其中，用于允许将火花塞插入插头安装孔的孔形成在凸轮轴接收壁中，并且通向凸轮轴保持器邻接的壁的表面，以及用于引导高功率线的孔 因为在凸轮轴接收壁和凸轮轴保持器的相互抵接的表面之间形成火花塞。
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公开(公告)号：US4637358A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-20
申请号：US781247
申请日：1985-09-27
申请人： Yoshiki Yano , Toshihiro Oikawa
发明人： Yoshiki Yano , Toshihiro Oikawa
摘要： A spark plug cap apparatus for an internal combustion engine having relatively deep and generally vertical spark plug receiving bores. The upper end of the bore is provided with an annular protrusion. A resilient head cover has a bent flange for extending over and sealably engaging the annular protrusion. The head cover has a downwardly extending seal lip for engaging the inside of the bore. A pipe is molded to the head cover and extends downwardly to engage the top of the spark plug. The spark wire extends through the head cover and pipe. A vent hole is provided in the head cover.
摘要翻译： 一种用于内燃机的火花塞盖设备，其具有相对较深且基本垂直的火花塞接收孔。 孔的上端设置有环形突起。 弹性头盖具有弯曲的凸缘，用于延伸并密封地接合环形突起。 头盖具有用于接合孔内部的向下延伸的密封唇。 管道被模制到头盖并向下延伸以接合火花塞的顶部。 火花线延伸穿过头盖和管道。 头盖上设有通气孔。
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公开(公告)号：US20070015265A1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-18
申请号：US11523691
申请日：2006-09-20
申请人： Hitoki Miyake , Toshifumi Yamaki , Toshihiro Oikawa , Takeshi Nakamura , Hiroki Ishibashi , Yasushi Fukuiri , Atsushi Sakuma , Hironori Komatsu , Tomoyuki Ando , Kazuhiko Togashi , Hideki Umetani
发明人： Hitoki Miyake , Toshifumi Yamaki , Toshihiro Oikawa , Takeshi Nakamura , Hiroki Ishibashi , Yasushi Fukuiri , Atsushi Sakuma , Hironori Komatsu , Tomoyuki Ando , Kazuhiko Togashi , Hideki Umetani
CPC分类号： C12N9/88 , C12P7/58 , C12Y402/01039
摘要： A novel gluconate dehydratase derived from Achromobacter xylosoxidans and a gene encoding the gluconate dehydratase are provided. By reacting the gluconate dehydratase or a transformed cell containing the gene with an aldonic acid, the corresponding 2-keto-3-deoxyaldonic acid can be efficiently produced.
摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种衍生自木糖无色杆菌的新型葡萄糖酸脱水酶和编码葡萄糖酸脱水酶的基因。 通过使葡糖酸脱水酶或含有该基因的转化细胞与醛糖酸反应，可以有效地制备相应的2-酮-3-脱氧醛酸。
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公开(公告)号：US6125805A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-03
申请号：US420409
申请日：1999-10-19
申请人： Toshiyuki Sato , Toshihiro Oikawa , Yutaka Otobe
发明人： Toshiyuki Sato , Toshihiro Oikawa , Yutaka Otobe
CPC分类号： F01L1/267 , F01L2105/02
摘要： A valve operating system in an internal combustion engine includes a cam shaft provided with a plurality of valve operating cams, a plurality of rocker arms positioned adjacent one another, an associative operation switch capable of being switched between a state in which it permits the rocker arms adjacent each other to be operated associatively with each other, and a state in which it releases the associative operation. An urging means for urging the free rocker arm of the plurality of rocker arms toward the valve operating cam corresponding to the free rocker arm, which becomes free relative to an engine valve, when the associative operation switch is brought into the associative operation releasing state. The free rocker arm is provided with first and second support walls spaced apart and opposed to each other, and a roller is provided in rolling contact with a valve operating cam corresponding to the free rocker arm, and is rollably supported on a support shaft mounted to extend between the support walls through a bearing. In such valve operating system, one of the support walls included in the free rocker arm is integrally provided with a receiving portion which contacts with the urging means. Therefore, the structure of the free rocker arm can be simplified in such a manner that the receiving portion is positioned to the side of the roller. In addition, an increase in size of the free rocker arm can be avoided, and the inertial weight is reduced. Thus, it is possible to conveniently accommodate the high-speed rotation of the internal combustion engine.
摘要翻译： 一种内燃机中的气门操作系统，具有设置有多个气门操作凸轮的凸轮轴，相邻的多个摇臂，能够切换的状态，该状态允许摇臂 彼此相邻地彼此相关地操作，以及释放关联操作的状态。 一种推动装置，用于当关联操作开关进入关联操作释放状态时，将多个摇臂的自由摇臂朝向相对于发动机气门变空的自由摇臂相应的气门操作凸轮推动。 自由摇臂设置有彼此间隔开并彼此相对的第一和第二支撑壁，并且设置有与对应于自由摇臂的气门操作凸轮滚动接触的辊，并且可滚动地支撑在安装到 通过轴承在支撑壁之间延伸。 在这种阀操作系统中，包括在自由摇臂中的一个支撑壁一体地设置有与推动装置接触的接收部分。 因此，可以简化自由摇臂的结构，使得接收部分位于辊的侧面。 此外，可以避免自由摇臂的尺寸增加，并且惯性重量减小。 因此，可以方便地适应内燃机的高速旋转。
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10.发明授权Esterase and methods for the production of optically active chroman compounds 失效酯酶和用于制备光学活性色满化合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US6060290A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US118275
申请日：1998-07-17
CPC分类号： C12N9/18 , C12P17/06 , C12P41/005
摘要： Optically active chroman-3-acetic acids and optically active chroman-3-acetic acid esters can be obtained by treating a mixture of (3R)- and (3S)-chroman-3-acetic esters of formula (I) ##STR1## [wherein R.sub.1 is a straight or branched alkyl group having 1-5 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or substituted or unsubstituted amino group]is treated with an esterase which has an optically selective hydrolyzing activity or microorganisms which carry said hydrolase, or a preparation therefrom. A novel esterase derived from bacteria of genus Pseudonocardia can also be used as said esterase.
摘要翻译： 通过处理式（I）的（3R） - （3S） - 苯并二氢吡喃-3-乙酸酯的混合物[其中R 1是（R 3））和（3S） - 苯并二氢吡喃-3-乙酸酯的混合物可以获得光学活性色满-3-乙酸和光学活性色满-3-乙酸酯 具有1-5个碳原子的直链或支链烷基，R2是氢原子或取代或未取代的氨基]用具有光学选择性水解活性的酯酶或携带所述水解酶的微生物或其制备物进行处理。 也可以使用衍生自假诺卡氏菌属细菌的新型酯酶作为所述酯酶。
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