摘要:
The degree of opening of the expansion valve in refrigeration system is controlled by means of PID control such that a refrigerant superheat at the outlet of the evaporator approaches a target valve. Since an elapsed time after the start of the refrigeration system varies in response to a change of a heat load of air to be cooled by the evaporator, if the control constant of the PID control is designed so that the expansion valve can be controlled adequately for high evaporator heat load, or for low evaporator heat load, adequate control cannot be achieved in the opposite case not taken into consideration in design. According to the present invention, the control constant of the PID control is varied when an elapsed time after the start of the refrigeration system reaches a reference time which is determined on the basis of a heat load of air to be cooled by the evaporator.
摘要:
A condenser is connected to an outlet of a compressor. An expansion valve is connected to the condenser. An evaporator is connected between the expansion valve and an inlet of the compressor. A sensor detects a condition of refrigerant at an outlet side of the evaporator. A variation in rate of refrigerant flow into the evaporator is detected. A control device determines a variation in the detected condition of refrigerant which occurs in response to the variation in the rate of refrigerant flow. The control device judges a quantity of refrigerant to be insufficient when the determined variation in the refrigerant condition is equal to or smaller than a reference value.
摘要:
To produce a ferroelectric film formed of a lead-free material. The ferroelectric film according to an aspect of the present invention includes a (K1−XNaX)NbO3 film or a BiFeO3 film having a perovskite structure and a crystalline oxide preferentially oriented to (001) formed on at least one of the upper side and lower side of the (K1−XNaX)NbO3 film or BiFeO3 film, and X satisfies the formula below 0.3≦X≦0.7.
摘要:
To provide a method for manufacturing a ferroelectric film formed of a lead-free material. The method for manufacturing a ferroelectric film according to an aspect of the present invention is a method for manufacturing a ferroelectric film including the steps of pouring a sol-gel solution for forming (K1-XNaX)NbO3 into a mold 3, calcining the sol-gel solution to form a (K1-XNaX)NbO3 material film inside the mold 3, heat-treating and crystallizing the (K1-XNaX)NbO3 material film in an oxygen atmosphere to form a (K1-XNaX)NbO3 crystallized film inside the mold 3 and removing the mold 3 through etching, and is characterized in that the mold 3 is more easily etched than the (K1-XNaX)NbO3 crystallized film and the X satisfies a formula below 0.3≦X≦0.7.
摘要:
To provide a film-forming treatment jig for forming a thin film on a plate having a through hole of a micro diameter by a single plasma film-forming treatment. The film-forming treatment jig according to the present invention includes: a holding member 39 for holding the aperture plate in a state of exposing the through hole and the front and back surfaces of the aperture plate by clamping an aperture plate 107 having a through hole; and an electrode member having the holding member attached thereon, wherein the electrode member is electrically connected to an electrode to which the plasma electric power of a plasma CVD apparatus is applied.
摘要:
To perform poling treatment in a simple procedure by dry process. An aspect of the invention is a magnetic field poling device including: a first holding part configured to hold a film-to-be-poled 2; a second holding part configured to hold a magnet generating a magnetic field B to the film-to-be-poled 2; and a moving mechanism configured to move the first holding part or the second holding part in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the magnetic field B.
摘要:
To produce a ferroelectric film formed of a lead-free material. The ferroelectric film according to an aspect of the present invention includes a (K1-XNaX)NbO3 film or a BiFeO3 film having a perovskite structure and a crystalline oxide preferentially oriented to (001) formed on at least one of the upper side and lower side of the (K1-XNaX)NbO3 film or BiFeO3 film, and X satisfies the formula below 0.3≦X≦0.7.
摘要:
To provide a substrate treatment apparatus capable of suppressing adherence of dust to a film coated on a substrate. As an aspect of the present invention is a substrate treatment apparatus provided with a spin-coating treatment chamber 4a for coating a film on the substrate by spin-coating, a first air-conditioning mechanism that regulates an amount of dust in the air in the spin-coating treatment chamber, an annealing treatment chamber 7a for performing lamp annealing treatment on the film coated on the substrate, a conveying chamber 2a that is connected to each of the spin-coating treatment chamber and the annealing treatment chamber and is for conveying the substrate between the spin-coating treatment chamber and the annealing treatment chamber each other, and a second air-conditioning mechanism that regulate an amount of dust in the air in the conveying chamber.
摘要:
A plasma CVD device that deposits a thin film without using a filament is provided. The plasma CVD device according to the present invention includes: a chamber (1); ring-shaped ICP electrodes (17) and (18) disposed within the chamber; first high-frequency power supplies (7) and (8) electrically connected to the ICP electrodes; a gas supply mechanism that supplies a raw material gas into the chamber; an evacuation mechanism that evacuates the chamber; a disc substrate (2) disposed within the chamber so as to face the ICP electrodes; a second high-frequency power supply (6) connected to the disc substrate; an earth electrode disposed within the chamber on the opposite side of the disc substrate so as to face the ICP electrodes; and plasma walls (24) and (25) disposed within the chamber and provided so as to surround a space between the ICP electrodes and the disc substrate. Here, the plasma wall is set at a float potential.
摘要:
An air-conditioning apparatus for a vehicle having separate units for a driver's seat and an assistant driver's seat. Each of the units has first and second vent outlets opened to a cabin near the lateral side of the cabin and the center side of cabin. A sensor is provided for detecting an amount of the solar radiation. The sensor also can detect an azimuth angle and elevation angle of the sun with respect to the direction of movement. An increase in the thermal load due to the solar radiation is determined, and the calculated increase is allocated to the first and second vent outlets by changing the temperature and/or the amount of the air discharged from the respective outlets, so that the passenger can feel a uniform temperature irrespective of the position of the sun with respect to the direction of movement of the vehicle.