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    Catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides
    1.
    发明授权
    Catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides 失效
    用于还原氮氧化物的催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US5225390A

    公开(公告)日：1993-07-06

    申请号：US724523

    申请日：1991-06-28

    申请人： Doris Vogel ,  Norbert Landgraf ,  Josef Sprehe ,  Wolfgang Gajewski ,  Dietmar Hein ,  Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Doris Vogel ,  Norbert Landgraf ,  Josef Sprehe ,  Wolfgang Gajewski ,  Dietmar Hein ,  Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/22 ,  B01J23/28 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J37/00

    CPC分类号： B01J23/28 ,  B01D53/8628 ,  B01J23/22 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J37/0036

    摘要： A Catalyst for reducing the nitrogen oxides in flue gases by a reducing agent and a catalytically active composition are described. The catalyst increases resistance to catalyst poisons such as arsenic trioxide. The composition contains 60-90% by weight of titanium, 10-30% by weight of molybdenum, and 0.2-10% by weight of vanadium, as their respective oxides. A very pure titanium dioxide having less than 500 ppm of calcium and less than 100 ppm of iron, being 60% in the anastase modification. It has a mean particle size of 10 to 100 nm, a mean pore radius of 10 to 30 nm and a BET surface of 10 to 80 m.sup.2 per gram. The catalyst is prepared by wet-grinding a suspension of the titanium dioxide with the vanadium pentoxide and molybdenum trioxide in stated proportions. The suspension is then dried and precalcined for several hours at 450.degree. to 550.degree. C. The precalcined material is comminuted to diameters smaller than 180 .mu.m. The pulverized material is then mixed with water and coated onto a metal substrate, dried and then calcined for several hours at 450.degree. to 550.degree. C.

    摘要翻译： 描述了通过还原剂和催化活性组合物还原烟道气中的氮氧化物的催化剂。 催化剂增加对催化剂毒物如三氧化二砷的抗性。 作为它们各自的氧化物，组合物含有60-90重量％的钛，10-30重量％的钼和0.2-10重量％的钒。 具有小于500ppm的钙和小于100ppm的铁的非常纯的二氧化钛，在阿拉斯加酶改性中为60％。 平均粒径为10〜100nm，平均孔径为10〜30nm，BET表面积为10〜80m2 / g。 通过以规定比例湿法研磨二氧化钛与五氧化二钒和三氧化钼的悬浮液来制备催化剂。 然后将悬浮液干燥并在450℃至550℃下预煅烧数小时。将预煅烧的材料粉碎至小于180μm的直径。 然后将粉碎的材料与水混合并涂覆在金属基材上，干燥，然后在450℃至550℃下煅烧数小时。

    Process for producing a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gases
    2.
    发明授权
    Process for producing a catalyst for reducing nitrogen oxides in flue gases 失效
    制备用于还原烟道气中的氮氧化物的催化剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5045516A

    公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

    申请号：US313701

    申请日：1989-02-21

    申请人： Doris Vogel ,  Norbert Landgraf ,  Josef Sprehe ,  Wolfgang Gajewski ,  Dietmar Hein ,  Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Doris Vogel ,  Norbert Landgraf ,  Josef Sprehe ,  Wolfgang Gajewski ,  Dietmar Hein ,  Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： B01D53/86 ,  B01J21/06 ,  B01J23/22 ,  B01J23/28 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J37/00

    CPC分类号： B01J23/22 ,  B01D53/8628 ,  B01J23/28 ,  B01J21/063 ,  B01J35/10 ,  B01J37/0036

    摘要： A catalyst for reducing the nitrogen oxides in flue gases by a reducing agent and a catalytically active composition is described. The catalyst increases resistance to catalyst poisons such as arsenic trioxide. The composition contains 60-90% by weight of titanium, 10-30% by weight of molybdenum, and 0-10% by weight of vanadium, as their respective oxides. A very pure titanium dioxide having less than 500 ppm of calcium and less than 100 ppm of iron, and being 60% in the anastase modification. It has a mean particle size of 10 to 100 nm, a mean pore radius of 10 to 30 nm and a BET surface of 10 to 80 m.sup.2 per gram. The catalyst is prepared by wet-grinding a suspension of the titanium dioxide with the vanadium pentoxide and molybdenum trioxide mill in stated proportions. The suspension is then dried, and precalcined for several hours at 450.degree. to 550.degree. C. The precalcined material is comminuted to smaller than 180 .mu.m. The pulverized material is then mixed with water and coated on to metal substrate, dried and then calcined for several hours at 450.degree. to 550.degree. C.

    摘要翻译： 描述了通过还原剂和催化活性组合物还原烟道气中的氮氧化物的催化剂。 催化剂增加对催化剂毒物如三氧化二砷的抗性。 作为它们各自的氧化物，组合物含有60-90重量％的钛，10-30重量％的钼和0-10重量％的钒。 具有小于500ppm的钙和小于100ppm的铁的非常纯的二氧化钛，并且在阿拉斯加酶改性中为60％。 平均粒径为10〜100nm，平均孔径为10〜30nm，BET表面积为10〜80m2 / g。 通过以规定比例湿法研磨二氧化钛与五氧化二钒和三氧化钼磨的悬浮液来制备催化剂。 然后将悬浮液干燥，并在450℃至550℃下预煅烧数小时。将预煅烧的材料粉碎至小于180μm。 然后将粉碎的材料与水混合并涂覆到金属基材上，干燥，然后在450℃至550℃下煅烧数小时。

    Method for producing a capacitor dielectric with inner blocking layers
    6.
    发明授权
    Method for producing a capacitor dielectric with inner blocking layers 失效
    用于制造具有内部阻挡层的电容器电介质的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4192840A

    公开(公告)日：1980-03-11

    申请号：US908665

    申请日：1978-05-23

    申请人： Helmut Schmelz ,  Werner Schwaen

    发明人： Helmut Schmelz ,  Werner Schwaen

    IPC分类号： H01B3/12 ,  H01G4/12 ,  C04B19/04

    CPC分类号： H01G4/1281 ,  H01B3/12

    摘要： A capacitor dielectric with inner blocking layers is disclosed wherein the portion of copper located in intermediate layers between the crystallites is enriched toward the crystallite surfaces. The dielectric is produced by a heating speed of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C./h towards a sinter temperature, and a cooling-off speed of 10.degree. to 100.degree. C./h to about 350.degree. C. below the sinter temperature.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有内部阻挡层的电容器电介质，其中位于微晶之间的中间层的铜部分被富集成微晶表面。 电介质通过烧结温度200〜800℃/ h的加热速度和低于烧结温度10〜100℃/小时〜350℃的冷却速度来制造。

    Method and apparatus for controlled introduction of a reducing agent into a nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas
    7.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for controlled introduction of a reducing agent into a nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas 失效
    用于将还原剂控制引入含氮氧化物的废气中的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US5628186A

    公开(公告)日：1997-05-13

    申请号：US551791

    申请日：1995-11-07

    申请人： Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： F01N3/08 ,  B01D53/30 ,  B01D53/86 ,  B01D53/94 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F02B3/06

    CPC分类号： F01N11/00 ,  B01D53/30 ,  B01D53/8696 ,  B01D53/9409 ,  B01D53/9495 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/103 ,  F01N3/106 ,  F01N3/208 ,  F01N13/008 ,  F01N2240/40 ,  F01N2390/02 ,  F01N2560/021 ,  F01N2560/026 ,  F01N2560/06 ,  F01N2560/07 ,  F01N2560/08 ,  F01N2570/18 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/146 ,  F01N2900/08 ,  F02B3/06 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y02T10/47

    摘要： A method for the controlled introduction of a reducing agent into a nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine through an exhaust line having a catalytic converter built in for reducing nitrogen oxide, includes detecting at least one operation-relevant parameter of the exhaust gas, of the catalytic converter and optionally of the engine to determine the nitrogen oxide rate. An intermediate value is determined for the reducing agent rate as a function of the nitrogen oxide rate. The intermediate value is reduced by a rate of the reducing agent desorbed by the catalytic converter or raised by a rate of the reducing agent adsorbed by the catalytic converter. An apparatus for performing the method includes a control unit. A device detects at least one operation-relevant parameter of the exhaust gas, of the catalytic converter and optionally of the engine. A reducing agent supply unit introduces the reducing agent into the exhaust line upstream of the catalytic converter. The control unit is intended to adjust a rate of the reducing agent introduced into the exhaust gas as a function of the parameters, while taking into account a rate of the reducing agent adsorbed by the catalytic converter or desorbed by the catalytic converter.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于通过具有内置用于还原氮氧化物的催化转化器的排气管路离开内燃机的还原剂被控制地引入含氮氧化物的废气中的方法，包括检测排气的至少一个操作相关参数 气体，催化转化器和任选的发动机，以确定氮氧化物速率。 确定作为氮氧化物速率的函数的还原剂速率的中间值。 中间值通过催化转化器解吸的还原剂的速率降低，或者被催化转化器吸附的还原剂的速率升高。 用于执行该方法的装置包括控制单元。 一种装置检测催化转化器和任选的发动机的排气的至少一个操作相关参数。 还原剂供给单元将还原剂引入催化转化器上游的排气管路。 控制单元旨在根据参数调整引入废气中的还原剂的速率，同时考虑催化转化器吸附的还原剂的速率或由催化转化器解吸的速率。

    Method for producing plate or tape shaped silicon crystal bodies having crystalline pillar-like structures, equivalent to columnar structures, for large surface solar cells
    8.
    发明授权
    Method for producing plate or tape shaped silicon crystal bodies having crystalline pillar-like structures, equivalent to columnar structures, for large surface solar cells 失效
    用于大面积太阳能电池的具有结晶柱状结构的板状或带状硅晶体相当于柱状结构的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4361529A

    公开(公告)日：1982-11-30

    申请号：US254406

    申请日：1981-04-15

    申请人： Leopold Hanke ,  Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Leopold Hanke ,  Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： C30B1/02 ,  C30B29/06 ,  C30B29/64 ,  C04B35/14

    CPC分类号： C30B1/02

    摘要： The invention provides an improved method for producing plate-shaped or tape-shaped silicon crystal bodies having pillar-like structures therein which are equivalent to columnar structures comprising conducting the sintering process, for purposes of particle enlargement, in a gas atmosphere comprised of argon and a minimum amount of hydrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen concentration in such atmosphere is about 6% by volume. The so-produced silicon bodies are useful for further processing into large-surface solar cells.

    摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种制造板状或带状硅晶体的改进方法，其中具有柱状结构，其相当于柱状结构，包括进行烧结过程，用于粒子扩大，在由氩气和 最小量的氢。 在优选的实施方案中，这种气氛中的氢浓度为约6体积％。 如此生产的硅体可用于进一步加工成大面积太阳能电池。

    Ceramic dielectric material
    9.
    发明授权
    Ceramic dielectric material 失效
    陶瓷电介质材料

    公开(公告)号：US4054532A

    公开(公告)日：1977-10-18

    申请号：US651851

    申请日：1976-01-23

    申请人： Leopold Hanke ,  Guenther Hoffmann ,  Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Leopold Hanke ,  Guenther Hoffmann ,  Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： C04B35/46 ,  C04B35/462 ,  H01B3/12 ,  H01G4/12 ,  C04B35/50 ,  H01B3/10

    CPC分类号： C04B35/462 ,  H01B3/12 ,  H01G4/12

    摘要： A ceramic compound having the formula (La.sub.x A.sup.+2.sub.1-x).sub.2 (Ti.sub.x B.sup.+5.sub.1-x).sub.2 O.sub.7 wherein A.sup.+2 is a positive divalent element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, Cd, Mg, Sr and mixtures thereof and B.sup.+5 is a positive pentavalent element selected from the group consisting of Sb, Mo, Nb, Ta, W and mixtures thereof and x is a numeral ranging from 0.70 to 0.99. This compound is characterized by a relatively small temperature coefficient of permittivity, a relatively high insulation resistance, a relatively low loss factor and is compatible with relatively low cost noble metals, making it useful for forming dielectric elements in monolithic multi-layer capacitor elements.

    摘要翻译： 具有式（LaxA + 21-x）2（TixB + 51-x）2 O7的陶瓷化合物，其中A + 2是选自Ba，Ca，Cd，Mg，Sr及其混合物的正二价元素 B + 5为选自Sb，Mo，Nb，Ta，W及其混合物的正五价元素，x为0.70〜0.99的数值。 该化合物的特征在于介电常数的温度系数相对较小，绝缘电阻相对较高，损耗系数相对较低，并且与相对低成本的贵金属相容，因此可用于在单片多层电容器元件中形成介电元件。

    Method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium
    10.
    发明授权
    Method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium 失效
    将试剂计量​​到流动介质中的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5849593A

    公开(公告)日：1998-12-15

    申请号：US828676

    申请日：1997-03-31

    申请人： Helmut Schmelz

    发明人： Helmut Schmelz

    IPC分类号： B01D53/79 ,  B01D53/86 ,  B01D53/94 ,  F01N3/20 ,  G05D11/13 ,  G05B1/01

    CPC分类号： F01N3/208 ,  B01D53/79 ,  B01D53/8625 ,  B01D53/8696 ,  B01D53/9409 ,  B01D53/9495 ,  G05D11/135 ,  F01N2560/06 ,  F01N2560/07 ,  F01N2560/08 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/146 ,  F01N2900/08 ,  F01N2900/1402 ,  F01N2900/1622 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y10T436/12

    摘要： A method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes adjusting a quantity of a reagent to be metered per unit of time into a flowing medium as a function of a thickness of a reaction zone in a catalytically active material. An apparatus for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes a control unit, a device associated with the control unit for detecting a thickness of a reaction zone, and a metering device associated with the control unit for introducing a reagent into a flowing medium upstream of a catalytic converter as seen in flow direction of the medium. The control unit adjusts a quantity of the reagent to be metered into the flowing medium per unit of time by the metering device, as a function of a thickness of the reaction zone.

    摘要翻译： 用于将试剂计量​​到流动介质中的方法包括将每单位时间计量的试剂的量调整为流动介质中的量，作为催化活性材料中反应区的厚度的函数。 用于将试剂计量​​到流动介质中的装置包括控制单元，与用于检测反应区的厚度的控制单元相关联的装置，以及与控制单元相关联的计量装置，用于将试剂引入流动介质的上游流动介质 在介质的流动方向上看到的催化转化器。 控制单元根据反应区域的厚度，将由计量装置将每单位时间计量的待测量试剂的量调整为一定量。