摘要:
A capacitor dielectric with inner blocking layers is disclosed wherein the portion of copper located in intermediate layers between the crystallites is enriched toward the crystallite surfaces. The dielectric is produced by a heating speed of 200.degree. to 800.degree. C./h towards a sinter temperature, and a cooling-off speed of 10.degree. to 100.degree. C./h to about 350.degree. C. below the sinter temperature.
摘要:
A capacitor dielectric is disclosed with inner blocking layers in which two crystalline main phases are present in about equal portions in order to achieve an improvement in the loss factor of the insulation resistance, the voltage dependency of the dielectric constants and of the insulation resistance, and to achieve tighter manufacturing tolerances.
摘要:
A capacitor dielectric with inner blocking layers is disclosed wherein the portion of copper located in intermediate layers between the crystallites is enriched toward the crystallite surfaces. The dielectric is produced by a heating speed of 200 to 800.degree. C/h towards a sinter temperature, and a cooling-off speed of 10 to 100.degree. C/h to about 350.degree. C below the sinter temperature.
摘要:
A catalytic converter assembly for nitrogen oxide reduction in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, in particular a Diesel engine, includes a catalytic converter through which exhaust gas can flow in a given flow direction. The catalytic converter has a catalyst carrier and a catalytically active layer. The catalytic converter has a reducing agent storage capacity per unit of length being increased in the given flow direction.
摘要:
A catalyst material for nitrogen oxide reduction in flue gases in the presence of ammonia, comprising hydrothermal titanium dioxide and the additives of vanadium oxide and one or more oxides of the elements tungsten, phosphorus, sulfur, chromium, zirconium, magnesium, copper, cobalt, iron, and uranium, which hydrothermal titanium dioxide and additives material is activated by grinding.
摘要:
Catalytic material for reducing nitrous oxides in flue gases in the presence of ammonia in which titanium oxide is used as the starting material and the latter is milled together with vanadium oxide and one or more oxides of the elements tungsten, molybdenum, phosphorus, chromium, copper, iron, uranium and is thereafter subjected to at least one thermal treatment. Tungsten and molybdenum are substituted here entirely or partially by phosphorus in the form of its oxides or phosphates.
摘要:
A method for the controlled introduction of a reducing agent into a nitrogen oxide-containing exhaust gas leaving an internal combustion engine through an exhaust line having a catalytic converter built in for reducing nitrogen oxide, includes detecting at least one operation-relevant parameter of the exhaust gas, of the catalytic converter and optionally of the engine to determine the nitrogen oxide rate. An intermediate value is determined for the reducing agent rate as a function of the nitrogen oxide rate. The intermediate value is reduced by a rate of the reducing agent desorbed by the catalytic converter or raised by a rate of the reducing agent adsorbed by the catalytic converter. An apparatus for performing the method includes a control unit. A device detects at least one operation-relevant parameter of the exhaust gas, of the catalytic converter and optionally of the engine. A reducing agent supply unit introduces the reducing agent into the exhaust line upstream of the catalytic converter. The control unit is intended to adjust a rate of the reducing agent introduced into the exhaust gas as a function of the parameters, while taking into account a rate of the reducing agent adsorbed by the catalytic converter or desorbed by the catalytic converter.
摘要:
The invention provides an improved method for producing plate-shaped or tape-shaped silicon crystal bodies having pillar-like structures therein which are equivalent to columnar structures comprising conducting the sintering process, for purposes of particle enlargement, in a gas atmosphere comprised of argon and a minimum amount of hydrogen. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen concentration in such atmosphere is about 6% by volume. The so-produced silicon bodies are useful for further processing into large-surface solar cells.
摘要:
A ceramic compound having the formula (La.sub.x A.sup.+2.sub.1-x).sub.2 (Ti.sub.x B.sup.+5.sub.1-x).sub.2 O.sub.7 wherein A.sup.+2 is a positive divalent element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Ca, Cd, Mg, Sr and mixtures thereof and B.sup.+5 is a positive pentavalent element selected from the group consisting of Sb, Mo, Nb, Ta, W and mixtures thereof and x is a numeral ranging from 0.70 to 0.99. This compound is characterized by a relatively small temperature coefficient of permittivity, a relatively high insulation resistance, a relatively low loss factor and is compatible with relatively low cost noble metals, making it useful for forming dielectric elements in monolithic multi-layer capacitor elements.
摘要:
A method for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes adjusting a quantity of a reagent to be metered per unit of time into a flowing medium as a function of a thickness of a reaction zone in a catalytically active material. An apparatus for metering a reagent into a flowing medium includes a control unit, a device associated with the control unit for detecting a thickness of a reaction zone, and a metering device associated with the control unit for introducing a reagent into a flowing medium upstream of a catalytic converter as seen in flow direction of the medium. The control unit adjusts a quantity of the reagent to be metered into the flowing medium per unit of time by the metering device, as a function of a thickness of the reaction zone.