摘要:
There is provided an engine control unit to ensure operational performance and safety performance of a vehicle by carrying out switchover of combustion according to an operating condition of a vehicle (automobile). A vehicle peripheral condition such as vehicular gap, etc., a traveling geographical state, a condition that ensures vehicle stability, etc. are acquired, and switchover of combustion, for example, switchover between compression ignition combustion and spark ignition combustion is effected correspondingly.
摘要:
A control apparatus of an engine having a compression ignition combustion mode and a spark ignition combustion mode selects the spark ignition combustion mode when operation conditions fall within a spark ignition operation area set in a spark ignition operation area/compression ignition operation area setting map memory part and selects the compression ignition combustion mode when the operation conditions fall within a switching stable area set in the memory part upon operation by the spark ignition combustion mode. The control apparatus controls to continue the compression ignition combustion mode as long as the operation conditions fall within a compression ignition operation area set in the memory part upon operation by the compression ignition combustion mode.
摘要:
There is provided an engine control unit to ensure operational performance and safety performance of a vehicle by carrying out switchover of combustion according to an operating condition of a vehicle (automobile). A vehicle peripheral condition such as vehicular gap, etc., a traveling geographical state, a condition that ensures vehicle stability, etc. are acquired, and switchover of combustion, for example, switchover between compression ignition combustion and spark ignition combustion is effected correspondingly.
摘要:
A control apparatus of an engine having a compression ignition combustion mode and a spark ignition combustion mode selects the spark ignition combustion mode when operation conditions fall within a spark ignition operation area set in a spark ignition operation area/compression ignition operation area setting map memory part and selects the compression ignition combustion mode when the operation conditions fall within a switching stable area set in the memory part upon operation by the spark ignition combustion mode. The control apparatus controls to continue the compression ignition combustion mode as long as the operation conditions fall within a compression ignition operation area set in the memory part upon operation by the compression ignition combustion mode.
摘要:
In a control method and control device for an engine, in order to prevent torque control precision from deteriorating while performing an ignition retard control in a variable valve engine, when a torque down control is carried out by using the ignition retard, combustion duration is calculated in consideration of valve timing or an engine rpm for each driving state, and a characteristic of a reference ignition timing efficiency curve is corrected on the basis of a difference between the combustion duration and a combustion duration reference value which is set in advance.
摘要:
An organic light-emitting element having high efficiency and long lifetime is provided. An organic light-emitting body is provided which includes a host having a high electron-transport property (n-type host), a host having a high hole-transport property (p-type host), and a guest such as an iridium complex and in which the n-type host and the p-type host are located so as to be adjacent to each other. When an electron and a hole are injected to such a light-emitting body, the electron is trapped by the n-type host and the hole is trapped by the p-type host. Then, both the electron and the hole are injected to the guest, and thus the guest is brought into an excited state. In this process, less thermal deactivation occurs and the working rate of the guest is high; thus, highly efficient light emission can be obtained.
摘要:
A light-emitting element having high external quantum efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element having low drive voltage is provided. Provided is a light-emitting element which includes a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent compound, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound between a pair of electrodes. A combination of the first organic compound and the second organic compound forms an exciplex (excited complex). An emission spectrum of the exciplex overlaps with an absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of an absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound. A peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the exciplex is longer than or equal to a peak wavelength of the absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound.
摘要:
A driving force transmission apparatus includes: a first cam mechanism that converts rotational force from a housing into first cam thrust force used as clutch force of a main clutch when the first cam mechanism is actuated through clutch action of a pilot clutch; and a second cam mechanism that is actuated prior to conversion of the rotational force into the first cam thrust force by the first cam mechanism, and that generates second cam thrust force for reducing an interval between clutch plates of the main clutch. The second cam mechanism includes an input cam member that rotates upon receiving rotational force used as actuating force of the input cam member from a cam actuating driving source, and an output cam member that generates the second cam thrust force between the output cam member and the input cam member and outputs the second cam thrust force.
摘要:
An object is to provide a semiconductor device with stable electric characteristics in which an oxide semiconductor is used. An impurity such as hydrogen or moisture (e.g., a hydrogen atom or a compound containing a hydrogen atom such as H2O) is eliminated from an oxide semiconductor layer with use of a halogen element typified by fluorine or chlorine, so that the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor layer is reduced. A gate insulating layer and/or an insulating layer provided in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer can be formed to contain a halogen element. In addition, a halogen element may be attached to the oxide semiconductor layer through plasma treatment under an atmosphere of a gas containing a halogen element.
摘要:
In a coating apparatus, a distributor plate 104 is disposed upstream of a silicon wafer 101 relative to the direction of flow of reactive gas. The distributor plate 104 has therein first through-holes 104a and second through-holes 104b arranged so as not to meet the first through-holes 104a. The reactive gas passes through the first through-holes 104a and flows down toward the silicon wafer 101. Further, a cooling gas passes through the second through-holes 104b.