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    Apparatus and method for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide
    4.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide 失效
    优先氧化一氧化碳的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US07572304B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-08-11

    申请号：US10951948

    申请日：2004-09-28

    申请人： W. Spencer Wheat ,  Daniel G. Casey ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Marshall D. Wier ,  David W. Harrison, Sr.

    发明人： W. Spencer Wheat ,  Daniel G. Casey ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Marshall D. Wier ,  David W. Harrison, Sr.

    IPC分类号： C10L3/00

    CPC分类号： B01J8/0285 ,  B01J8/008 ,  B01J8/025 ,  B01J8/065 ,  B01J8/067 ,  B01J19/248 ,  B01J2208/00061 ,  B01J2208/0007 ,  B01J2208/0015 ,  B01J2208/00203 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  B01J2208/00884 ,  B01J2219/00038 ,  C01B3/583 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047

    摘要： An apparatus and method for the preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in a hydrogen-rich fluid. The apparatus utilizes one or more reactors that are dimensioned to optimize the exothermic oxidation reaction and the transfer of heat to and from the catalyst bed. A reactor of the apparatus has an elongated cylindrical catalyst bed and heat transfer means adjacent the catalyst bed. The heat transfer means is suitable for pre-heating the catalyst bed during start-up operations and for removing the heat from the catalyst bed during the oxidation reaction. One or more reactors of different dimensions may be utilized depending upon the pressure of the hydrogen-rich fluid to be directed into the apparatus and the pressure requirements for the carbon monoxide-depleted fluid exiting the apparatus. For instance, in low pressure operations where it may be desirable to minimize the pressure drop across the apparatus, two or more reactors having relatively smaller dimensions can be utilized. In higher pressure operations where pressure drop across the preferential oxidation apparatus is of less concern, a single reactor having larger dimensions may be utilized. The relatively narrow dimension of the catalyst bed coupled with the relatively large surface are used for heat transfer provides for more uniform temperatures within the catalyst bed and improved temperature control of the bed.

    摘要翻译： 一种在富含氢气的流体中优先氧化一氧化碳的装置和方法。 该装置使用一个或多个反应器，其尺寸被设计成优化放热氧化反应和向催化剂床转移热量。 设备的反应器具有细长的圆柱形催化剂床和靠近催化剂床的热传递装置。 传热装置适于在启动操作期间预催化催化剂床并在氧化反应期间从催化剂床除去热量。 取决于要引入设备的富氢流体的压力和离开设备的一氧化碳贫化流体的压力要求，可以使用不同尺寸的一个或多个反应器。 例如，在可能期望使装置上的压降最小化的低压操作中，可以使用具有相对较小尺寸的两个或多个反应器。 在较高压力的操作中，优先氧化设备的压降较不重要，可以使用具有较大尺寸的单个反应器。 催化剂床与相对较大的表面相对较窄的尺寸用于传热，从而在催化剂床内提供更均匀的温度并改善床的温度控制。

    Anode tailgas oxidizer
    9.
    发明授权
    Anode tailgas oxidizer 有权
    阳极尾气氧化器

    公开(公告)号：US07101175B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-09-05

    申请号：US10407290

    申请日：2003-04-04

    申请人： Vijay Anant Deshpande ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Paul Francis Martin ,  Kevin Hoa Nguyen ,  James F. Stevens ,  William Spencer Wheat

    发明人： Vijay Anant Deshpande ,  Curtis L. Krause ,  Paul Francis Martin ,  Kevin Hoa Nguyen ,  James F. Stevens ,  William Spencer Wheat

    IPC分类号： F24H7/02

    CPC分类号： F23C13/02 ,  C01B3/34 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0822 ,  C01B2203/1258 ,  F23C13/00 ,  F23C2900/03002 ,  F23D14/66 ,  F23L2900/07009 ,  H01M8/0631 ,  Y02E20/348 ,  Y02P20/128 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y10T29/49348

    摘要： A combustor for oxidizing a combustion fuel and pre-heating one or more reactants for fuel reforming. The combustor includes an elongated housing having an inlet for receiving a combustion fuel and an outlet for exhausting combustion products. The elongated housing further includes a cylindrical side wall, a bottom wall, and a top wall. Inert particles are disposed within the housing adjacent the inlet. A combustion catalyst bed is disposed within the housing above the inert particles that is a mixture of inert particles and combustion catalyst. The inert particles and the combustion catalyst preferably have a volumetric ratio of inert particles to catalyst between about 2:1 and about 4:1. The combustor has at least one heat exchanger within the combustion catalyst bed for heating a reformer reactant and generating steam. Preferably, the combustor includes at least two heat exchangers within the combustion catalyst bed, the heat exchanging elements have different surface areas. The combustor can include at least one sensor for measuring temperature within the combustor, and preferably the reactor includes two or more sensors for measuring temperature at two or more locations within the combustion catalyst bed. A power-generating apparatus comprising the combustor, a fuel processor and fuel cell is also provided. Methods for pre-heating a reactant and generating steam for use in a fuel reformer and for manufacturing a combustor for use in fuel reforming are provided.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于氧化燃烧燃料并预热一种或多种用于燃料重整的反应物的燃烧器。 燃烧器包括具有用于接收燃烧燃料的入口和用于排出燃烧产物的出口的细长壳体。 细长壳体还包括圆柱形侧壁，底壁和顶壁。 惰性颗粒被布置在邻近入口的壳体内。 燃烧催化剂床设置在惰性颗粒之外的壳体内，惰性颗粒是惰性颗粒和燃烧催化剂的混合物。 惰性颗粒和燃烧催化剂优选惰性颗粒与催化剂的体积比在约2:1和约4:1之间。 燃烧器具有在燃烧催化剂床内的至少一个热交换器，用于加热重整器反应物并产生蒸汽。 优选地，燃烧器在燃烧催化剂床内包括至少两个热交换器，热交换元件具有不同的表面积。 燃烧器可以包括至少一个用于测量燃烧室内的温度的传感器，并且优选地，反应器包括用于测量燃烧催化剂床内的两个或多个位置处的温度的两个或更多个传感器。 还提供了包括燃烧器，燃料处理器和燃料电池的发电设备。 提供了用于预热反应物并产生用于燃料重整器中的蒸汽并用于制造用于燃料重整的燃烧器的方法。

    IN-SITU UPGRADING OF BIOMASS PYROLYSIS VAPOR USING ACID CATALYST AND ALCOHOL
    10.
    发明申请
    IN-SITU UPGRADING OF BIOMASS PYROLYSIS VAPOR USING ACID CATALYST AND ALCOHOL 审中-公开
    使用酸性催化剂和酒精的生物质热解蒸发器的现场升级

    公开(公告)号：US20140230319A1

    公开(公告)日：2014-08-21

    申请号：US13772700

    申请日：2013-02-21

    申请人： Yunquan Liu ,  Armando Joseph Belardinelli ,  Curtis L. Krause

    发明人： Yunquan Liu ,  Armando Joseph Belardinelli ,  Curtis L. Krause

    IPC分类号： C10L1/19

    CPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  C10G3/42 ,  C10G3/46 ,  C10G3/48 ,  C10G3/50 ,  C10G67/02 ,  C10G2400/02 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C10L1/02 ,  Y02P30/20

    摘要： Processes for thermal conversion of biomass are provided. The processes involve upgrading the pyrolysis vapor from a pyrolysis reactor. The steps include thermally converting a biomass feedstock in a pyrolysis reactor, recovering a pyrolysis vapor from the reactor, passing the pyrolysis vapor in contact with an acid catalyst in the presence of alcohol, and converting the resulting upgraded pyrolysis vapor into a liquid product. The resulting biooil liquid product is more refined, and the overall processes offer economic and energy efficiency.

    摘要翻译： 提供了生物质热转化方法。 这些方法包括从热解反应器升级热解蒸气。 这些步骤包括在热解反应器中热转化生物质原料，从反应器回收热解蒸气，使热解蒸汽在醇存在下与酸催化剂接触，并将所得升级的热解蒸汽转化成液体产物。 所得的生物油液体产品更加精炼，整个过程提供经济和能源效率。