摘要:
A photoresist polymer includes a first repeating unit and a second repeating unit. The first repeating unit includes a fluorine leaving group that is configured to be removed by a photo-chemical reaction. The second repeating unit includes a silicon-containing leaving group that is configured to be removed by the fluorine leaving group when the fluorine leaving group is removed from the first repeating unit.
摘要:
A photoresist polymer comprising a first repeating unit including a halogen donor group and a second repeating unit including a protecting group connected by a sulfide bond.
摘要:
A method is provided for transmitting a downlink shared control channel including a control signal necessary for restoring a transmission data signal in a mobile communication system that transmits a data signal using multiple antennas. It is determined whether the transmission data signal is coded with two or more codewords before being transmitted. One of a first element index of a sub-codebook configured only with a one codeword-dedicated precoding in a precoding codebook and a second element index of a sub-codebook configured only with a more-than-two codeword- dedicated precoding is selected, according to the determination result. A control channel is generated by including the selected element index in the precoding information. The generated control channel is mapped to a particular resource block and the mapped control channel is transmitted to a particular reception apparatus.
摘要:
Disclosed is an apparatus and a method for transmitting a control channel message, which can reduce resource waste in an OFDM system multiplexing and using a Block Resource Channel (BRCH) and a Distributed Resource Channel (DRCH) in a frequency axis. The apparatus includes a controller for generating a predetermined field and outputting a control channel message including the predetermined field, the predetermined field indicating a precoding index when a common pilot is used for data demodulation in a mobile station and indicating a pilot format of a dedicated pilot when the dedicated pilot is used for data demodulation in the mobile station, the precoding index indicating a weight value for beam-forming of each antenna; and a transmission module for converting the control channel message into a wireless signal and transmitting the wireless signal to the mobile station. The apparatus and method can reduce the resource waste of a control channel by inserting different pieces of information into a predetermined field included in the control channel message according to the channel type and the multiplexing mode of a resource channel in an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system, and enables the efficient use of resources by transmitting different types of control information through redundant bits of a control channel message.
摘要:
A Channel Status Information (CSI) transmission method and apparatus of a terminal are provided for use in a wireless communication system. In the wireless communication system supporting carrier aggregation, the terminal transmits the CSIs of component carriers without conflict of their transmission time points, resulting in an improvement of system performance. In a case where the transmission time points are determined to overlap unavoidably, the terminal transmits the CSI as compressed.
摘要:
Disclosed are to provide a modified carbon nanotube obtained by reacting a polymer to a carbon nanotube by a radical graft method, capable of minimizing lowering of a physical property of a carbon nanotube caused when being modified, and capable of enhancing dispersibility of the carbon nanotube and an adhesion strength between carbon nanotubes, the polymer having a molecular weight controlled by a living radical polymerization and still having a living radical end group.Also disclosed are to provide a carbon nanotube electrode and a dye-sensitized solar cell using the same, capable of forming a carbon nanotube film having a thickness thinner than that of the conventional electrode by directly spraying, on a substrate, by an electro-spray process, a uniform dispersion solution that the modified carbon nanotube is dispersed in a proper solvent without requiring an additional organic binder, capable of exhibiting an excellent catalytic characteristic owing to a close adhesion strength between carbon nanotubes and an increased relative density of the carbon nanotube film, and capable of implementing an excellent long-term stability owing to a strong bonding force between a carbon nanotube and a substrate.
摘要:
A Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) expression and feedback method prevents an excessive increase in the CQI feedback overhead while supporting both Single-User MIMO and Multi-User MIMO operations. When a default MIMO operation is set to Single-User MIMO or Multi-User MIMO, an access network can receive MIMO CQI feedback optimized for the corresponding MIMO operation. However, when a scheduler has selected an alternative MIMO operation other than the default MIMO operation, the access network calculates a CQI necessary for the alternative MIMO operation based on the default MIMO CQI feedback for the default MIMO operation and the DELTA CQI feedback for the alternative MIMO operation. In this manner, the invention enables the best operation in the default MIMO operation by providing a correct CQI, and enables the second best operation in the alternative MIMO operation. With use of the invention, the access network can dynamically select the Single-User MIMO and Multi-User MIMO operations, contributing to an increase in the resource management efficiency.
摘要:
A method is provided for allocating resources of a control channel in a mobile communication system using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). The method includes, when a time index and a frequency index of available Resource Elements (REs) are defined as 1 and k, respectively, dividing the available REs in a two-dimensional structure of (k, 1); and time-first-allocating each RE to a plurality of RE groups while increasing the time index 1 for each frequency index k from an initial value up to a predetermined range.
摘要:
A method for transmitting data information and control information by a transmitter in a communication system is provided. The method includes identifying an amount of resources to be used for control channel transmission within a predetermined maximum amount of resources available for control channel transmission among total resources of a subframe; mapping control information onto the identified amount of resources to be used for the control channel transmission; mapping data information onto all remaining resources of the subframe, other than the identified resources used for the control channel transmission among the total resources; and transmitting information related to the amount of resources to be used for the control channel transmission, through a predetermined control channel; and transmitting the mapped control information, and the mapped data information.
摘要:
A method and apparatus for transmitting Channel State Information Reference Symbol (CSI-RS) and data with partial muting of the CSI-RS are proposed. The method includes determining a CSI-RS pattern to be used among CSI-RS pattern candidates, determining a muting pattern for muting some resource elements constituting CSI-RS pattern candidates except for the determined CSI-RS pattern, mapping data symbols and CSI-RS to resource elements in a resource grid with rate patching in consideration of the CSI-RS pattern and muting pattern, and transmitting the data symbols and CSI-RS to a terminal.