Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator
    5.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus to improve perforating effectiveness using a unique multiple point initiated shaped charge perforator 有权
    使用独特的多点起动成形电荷穿孔器来改善穿孔效果的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US06925924B2

    公开(公告)日:2005-08-09

    申请号:US10684858

    申请日:2003-10-14

    CPC分类号: E21B43/117 F42B1/02

    摘要: A non-linear shaped charge perforator for use in perforating an oil and gas formation into which a wellbore has been drilled comprises a monolithic, axisymmetric metal case in which is disposed a main explosive charge between the front of the case, which is closed with a concave metal liner, and the closed back end of the case. The main explosive charge contains multiple initiation points, preferably two initiation points located about 180° apart on the outside surface of the charge, so that when the perforator is detonated the main charge is initiated such that the metal liner is collapsed into a non-circular jet, preferably a fan-shaped jet, that pierces the casing of the wellbore and forms non-circular perforations, preferably slot-shaped perforations, in the surrounding formation.

    摘要翻译: 一种用于穿孔钻井的油气层的非线性形状的充气穿孔器包括一个整体式的轴对称金属壳体,其中在壳体的前部之间设置主要的炸药, 凹形金属衬里和封闭的后端。 主要的炸药包含多个起始点,优选地在电荷的外表面上分开约180°的两个起始点,使得当穿孔器被引爆时,引起主电荷使得金属衬垫被折叠成非圆形 喷射,优选是扇形喷射器,其刺穿井眼的壳体并在周围地层中形成非圆形穿孔,优选为狭缝形穿孔。

    Process and apparatus for treating a gas containing a contaminant
    10.
    发明授权
    Process and apparatus for treating a gas containing a contaminant 失效
    用于处理含有污染物的气体的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号:US08252087B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-08-28

    申请号:US11932090

    申请日:2007-10-31

    IPC分类号: B01D53/02

    摘要: Apparatus, process and article for treating a gas containing one or more of a chemical and/or biological contaminant. The process includes contacting the gas with an aggregate composition comprising an insoluble rare earth-containing compound to form a gas depleted of chemical and active biological contaminants. The insoluble rare earth-containing compound can include one or more of cerium, lanthanum, or praseodymium. The composition comprises no more than two elements selected from the group consisting of yttrium, scandium, and europium when the aggregate has been sintered. A suitable insoluble cerium-containing compound can be derived from cerium carbonate. In one embodiment, the aggregate composition consists essentially of one or more cerium oxides, and optionally, a binder. Although intended for a variety of fluid treatment applications, such applications specifically include the treatment of breathing gases such as air that may contain chemical and/or biological contaminants.

    摘要翻译: 用于处理含有一种或多种化学和/或生物污染物的气体的装置,方法和制品。 该方法包括使气体与包含不溶性稀土含量化合物的聚集体组合物接触以形成贫化学和活性生物污染物的气体。 不溶性稀土化合物可以包括铈,镧或镨中的一种或多种。 当组合物烧结时,该组合物包含不超过两种选自钇,钪和铕的元素。 合适的不溶性含铈化合物可以由碳酸铈衍生而来。 在一个实施方案中,聚集体组合物基本上由一种或多种氧化铈和任选的粘合剂组成。 虽然这些应用旨在用于各种流体处理应用,但具体包括处理可能含有化学和/或生物污染物的呼吸气体例如空气。