摘要:
A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and connected thereto by a torch opening, is provided with an improved manifold system and exhaust reaction chamber for maintaining the exhaust gases at a relatively high temperature in order to reduce unwanted emissions discharged into the atmosphere supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers and also for heating the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the primary carburetor barrel to the main combustion chambers. Thin wall liners having low thermal capacity are provided for adjacent pairs of exhaust ports in the engine, each liner having a single exit opening. Exhaust collection pipes receive exhaust gases from said liners and convey them to an inner exhaust reaction chamber and then in a one-way flow through an outer reaction chamber which surrounds and encloses the inner chamber. An improved heat exchange device employs the heat of gases in the outer chamber to heat a rich air-fuel mixture supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers and also to heat a lean air-fuel mixture supplied to the main combustion chambers.
摘要:
A multi-cylinder internal combustion engine of the type having an auxiliary combustion chamber associated with each main combustion chamber, and connected thereto by a torch opening, is provided with a manifold system in which the exhaust gases are used to heat a rich air-fuel mixture supplied to the auxiliary combustion chambers and is also used to heat the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the primary carburetor barrel to the main combustion chambers, but the lean air-fuel mixture supplied by the secondary carburetor barrel is not heated. The secondary carburetor barrel comes into action only when the engine is operating under heavy load, so that the unheated additional lean mixture improves the volumetric efficiency and thereby improves the power output of the engine. Thin wall liners and heat transfer plates having low thermal capacity are provided for the exhaust passages in the engine, the interior of the exhaust manifold, and the heat exchange surfaces for heating the rich mixture and that portion of the lean mixture provided by the primary carburetor barrel.
摘要:
An internal combustion piston engine has one or more cylinders each having a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary combustion chamber connected by a torch nozzle. Exhaust gases from the main chamber are used to heat the intake mixture for the auxiliary combustion chamber. Contiguous thin wall pipes, one carrying hot exhaust gases and one carrying a rich mixture for the auxiliary chamber, are both enclosed within a thick wall outer housing. A riser for the auxiliary intake pipe is also enclosed within said housing. The thin wall exhaust pipes join an exhaust chamber secured to the thick wall housing at a central location to minimize deformations caused by thermal expansion.
摘要:
Disclosed is a cutting tool, including: a cutting edge including a coating from a rake face to a flank face, and has a relief angle of not less than 15 degrees, a material of the coating having a higher wear resistance than a base material of the cutting edge, and during cutting of a work, an edge of the coating on the rake face at a top of the cutting edge is worn by friction with the work; with a progress of a wear inward in a radial direction, an edge of the coating on the flank face at the top of the cutting edge is removed by friction with the work to expose the base material thereunder; and the exposed base material is worn by friction with the work to retract the flank face inward in the radial direction.
摘要:
An exhaust gas purifying catalyst includes: a support that contains at least one element that is selected from the first group that consists of Al, Zr and Ce, at least one element that is selected from the second group that consists of Ag, Mn, Co, Cu and Fe, and Ti; and particles that are composed of a metal or oxide of at least one element that is selected from the third group that consists of Ag, Mn, Co, Cu and Fe and that are deposited on the support. Seventy percent or more of any plurality of measurement points with a diameter of 2 nm on a surface of the support are composed of a composite part that has the at least one element selected from the second group content of 0.5 to 10 mol % and has a Ti content of 0.3 mol % or greater.
摘要:
A data input system including electronic paper and a stylus writing device is disclosed. The electronic paper includes a transparent display substrate on which a number of optically readable code patterns have been formed, the optically readable code patterns representing positional information on a display surface, a rear surface substrate opposing the display substrate, and coloring particles that are enclosed between the display substrate and the rear surface substrate and that are movable by applying an electric or a magnetic field. The electronic paper displays an image due to motion of the particle. The stylus writing device includes a writing head provided at the end of the stylus for writing the image by applying an electric or a magnetic field to the electronic paper by contact and includes an optical reading device for optically reading the code patterns formed on the display surface where the end of the stylus contacts.
摘要:
In an internal combustion engine, inside of an engine exhaust passage, a hydrocarbon feed valve (15) and an exhaust purification catalyst (13) are arranged. The exhaust purification catalyst (13) is comprised of a mixture of a first catalyst in which platinum (51) and a basic layer (52) are carried on alumina (50) and a second catalyst in which rhodium (56) is carried on zirconia (55). The concentration of hydrocarbons which flow into the exhaust purification catalyst (13) is made to vibrate by within a predetermined range of amplitude of a 200 ppm or more and within a predetermined range of period of 5 second or less, whereby the NOx which is contained in exhaust gas is reduced at the exhaust purification catalyst (13).
摘要:
A laser arc hybrid welding head and method which can form satisfactory beads at high speed are provided. A laser arc hybrid welding head (1) for welding a base material (W), which comprises aluminum steel sheets, by performing laser light irradiation and arc discharge, thereby combining laser welding and arc welding, splits inputted laser light (L0) into two beams, i.e., split laser light beams (L2a and L2b), then irradiates the base material (W) with the split laser light beams (L2a, L2b) while focusing these beams (L2a, L2b) on the base material (W), and also performs coaxial welding by generating an arc (A) from an arc electrode (20) disposed coaxially with the optical axis of the split laser light beams (L2a, L2b). Further, the transfer mode of a welding droplet from the arc electrode (20) is rendered spray transfer.
摘要:
A document processing operation system includes: a rewrite unit; and an image display medium for holding display of a document image rewritably and in a substantially no-power supply state, which is attached to the rewrite unit, wherein the rewrite unit performs display image rewrite processing for the image display medium, wherein the image display medium comprises: an operation device that accepts operation input from a user; and an information providing section that transmits operation information entered on the operation device in a wirelessly readable manner, and wherein the rewrite unit comprises: a read section that wirelessly reads the operation information transmitted by the information providing section; a processing section that performs processing relating to document data preset in response to the read operation information; and a write section that writes a document image to the image display medium with the read operation information under a control of the processing section.
摘要:
A system for cleaning an object and a method for cleaning an object by irradiating a multiphase fluid containing a gas and liquid droplets, wherein a desired impact force is obtained by controlling the degree of liquid-drop-impact cavitation, which is generated when the liquid droplets in the multiphase fluid hit the object.