公开(公告)号：US5917184A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-29

申请号：US797088

申请日：1997-02-07

申请人： William W. Carson ,  Stephen C. Gabeler ,  Yin Liang F. Hsieh ,  Stephen A. Martin ,  Michael J. Tomany ,  Anotoli Verentchikov

发明人： William W. Carson ,  Stephen C. Gabeler ,  Yin Liang F. Hsieh ,  Stephen A. Martin ,  Michael J. Tomany ,  Anotoli Verentchikov

IPC分类号： H01J49/04 ,  H01J49/10

CPC分类号： H01J49/044 ,  H01J49/165

摘要： An interface apparatus for introducing a sample for analysis from a liquid flow into a mass spectrometer as a plurality of charged droplets is disclosed. The interface apparatus includes interface body which defines a spray chamber and an orifice, a spray means defining a liquid-flow inlet channel and an excess-sample-flow exit channel and having an open end disposed inside the spray chamber, and a voltage device for applying a voltage to the sample to form a plurality of charged droplets. The charged droplets pass through the orifice in the interface body and are introduced into a mass spectrometer for analysis. The interface includes a valve for regulating the flow of sample into the sample inlet channel and a device for imposing a pressure gradient on the sample at the open end which induces the sample to flow from the sample inlet channel through the excess sample outlet channel.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于将用于分析的样品从液体流引入质谱仪作为多个带电液滴的界面装置。 接口装置包括限定喷雾室和孔口的界面体，限定液流入口通道的喷射装置和多余样品流出口通道，并且具有设置在喷雾室内部的开口端;以及电压装置， 向样品施加电压以形成多个带电液滴。 带电液滴通过界面体中的孔口，并引入质谱仪进行分析。 该界面包括用于调节样品流入样品入口通道的阀和用于在开口端施加样品上的压力梯度的装置，其引起样品从样品入口通道流过多余的样品出口通道。

公开(公告)号：US5423661A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-13

申请号：US235007

申请日：1994-04-28

申请人： Stephen C. Gabeler ,  William W. Carson

发明人： Stephen C. Gabeler ,  William W. Carson

IPC分类号： B01D15/08 ,  F04C14/08 ,  F04C15/00 ,  G01N30/32 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/36 ,  F04B17/00

CPC分类号： F04C14/08 ,  F04C15/0069 ,  G01N30/34 ,  G01N30/36 ,  F04C2220/24 ,  G01N2030/324 ,  G01N2030/326 ,  G01N2030/347

摘要： A gear pump is used for the primary flow source for a low pressure, high performance separation system. The pump is controlled such that its flow and leakage characteristics are compensated by an electronic controller which results in controlled output flow rates to a variety of loads. The pump is particularly suited for use in liquid chromatography (LC) systems, especially LC systems which use membrane based separation media. A modification to the gear pump results in an efficient mixer, further enhancing its use in LC systems which involve gradient operational modes. Also disclosed are embodiments which allow the gear pump to be used in high pressure separation systems, e.g., high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems.

摘要翻译： 齿轮泵用于低压，高性能分离系统的主流动源。 泵的控制使得其流量和泄漏特性由电子控制器补偿，其导致受控的输出流量到各种负载。 该泵特别适用于液相色谱（LC）系统，特别是使用基于膜的分离介质的LC系统。 对齿轮泵的修改产生了有效的混合器，进一步增强了其在涉及梯度操作模式的LC系统中的应用。 还公开了允许齿轮泵用于高压分离系统例如高效液相色谱（HPLC）系统的实施例。

公开(公告)号：US08142633B2

公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

申请号：US10577120

申请日：2004-10-27

申请人： Bruce Batchelder ,  Li Zhang ,  William W. Carson

发明人： Bruce Batchelder ,  Li Zhang ,  William W. Carson

IPC分类号： B01D61/46

CPC分类号： B01D61/48 ,  B01D61/422 ,  B01D61/44 ,  B01D61/46 ,  B01D61/54 ,  B01D61/58 ,  B01D65/02 ,  B01D65/027 ,  B01D2311/243 ,  B01D2317/04 ,  B01D2321/16 ,  B01D2321/162 ,  C02F1/469 ,  C02F1/4693 ,  C02F1/4695

摘要： A treatment system and method for continuous deionization of a biologically derived feed stream includes a plurality of electrodialysis units (3, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13) arranged in stages along a treatment line, and stages are controlled such that the feed stream attains a certain quality before entering the next stage. The feed and concentrate streams move in generally opposite sense along the line, matching fluid characteristics of dilute and concentrate cells. The treatment line has two or more stages. Systems may have phased staging operations, and cell constructions may adapt the electrodialysis units for enhanced processing of difficult process fluids. A controller sets operating potentials in different electrical stages, and simple control parameters optimize ion removal and current efficiency without polarization of the fluid. The invention also includes phased staging of reversal operation, and cell constructions or fillings that adapt the treatment cells for enhanced processing.

摘要翻译： 用于生物衍生的进料流的连续去离子的处理系统和方法包括沿着处理管线分阶段布置的多个电渗析单元（3,9,10,11,12,13），并且控制阶段使得进料流 在进入下一阶段之前达到一定的质量。 进料和浓缩物流沿着整条相反的方向移动，匹配稀释和浓缩细胞的流体特性。 治疗线有两个或更多个阶段。 系统可以具有阶段性分段操作，并且细胞结构可以适应电渗析单元以增强难处理流体的处理。 控制器在不同的电气阶段设置工作电位，简单的控制参数可优化离子去除和电流效率，而无需流体的极化。 本发明还包括反转操作的阶段分阶段，以及适应处理单元以增强处理的单元结构或填充物。

公开(公告)号：US20100000943A1

公开(公告)日：2010-01-07

申请号：US12312890

申请日：2007-12-08

申请人： William W. Carson ,  Sidney Bourne

发明人： William W. Carson ,  Sidney Bourne

IPC分类号： B01D1/00

CPC分类号： B01D1/222 ,  B01D1/0094 ,  B01D1/16 ,  B01D19/0026 ,  B01D19/0052 ,  B01D19/0057 ,  G01N30/84 ,  G01N2030/743 ,  G01N2030/8494 ,  Y10T436/111666 ,  Y10T436/255 ,  Y10T436/25875

摘要： Methods and apparatus for desolvating flowing liquid streams while retaining temporal resolution of dissolved substrates are disclosed. A novel small-scale self-regulating spray dryer preserves temporal resolution while desolvating a liquid chromatography eluent stream and depositing the solute onto an optical surface for infrared spectrographic analysis. The liquid eluent is pumped through a heated nebulizer to create a high-speed jet of solute containing liquid and solvent vapor. This jet is directed circumferentially inside a hot cylindrical cavity. Centrifugal force causes the larger liquid droplets to travel along the outer diameter of the cavity. The cavity surface is heated to cause the droplets to film boil. Film boiling reduces droplet contact with the cavity surface thereby retaining the solute in the droplets. The solute temperature is limited by controlling the pressure into which the solvent evaporates from the droplets. When the droplets are sufficiently small, Stokes drag from the exiting solvent vapor carries the droplets out through the center of the cylindrical cavity. After exiting, the superheated solvent vapor further dries the droplets. Solvent vapor is removed by condensation onto a cooled surface. A freezing point reducing agent may be added to improve removal of solvent condensate. Stokes drag from a non-condensable gas maintains the dried droplets in suspension. This suspension travels through an orifice that focuses the impaction of the dried droplets onto the optical surface for infrared analysis. The deposition surface is in an evacuated chamber and is temperature controlled to freeze liquid solutes yet allowing sublimation of residual solvent.

摘要翻译： 公开了在保持溶解的基底的时间分辨率的同时使流动的液体流脱溶的方法和装置。 一种新颖的小型自调节喷雾干燥器保持时间分辨率，同时对液相色谱洗脱液流进行脱溶剂并将溶质沉积在光学表面上用于红外光谱分析。 将液体洗脱液泵送通过加热的雾化器以产生含有液体和溶剂蒸气的溶质的高速射流。 该射流沿周向定向在热的圆柱形空腔内。 离心力使较大的液滴沿腔的外径行进。 加热空腔表面以使液滴沸腾。 薄膜沸腾减少与空腔表面的液滴接触，从而将溶质保留在液滴中。 通过控制溶剂从液滴蒸发的压力来限制溶质温度。 当液滴足够小时，来自离开的溶剂蒸气的斯托克斯阻力将液滴通过圆柱形空腔的中心带出。 离开后，过热溶剂蒸气进一步干燥液滴。 溶剂蒸气通过冷凝除去冷却的表面。 可以加入凝固点还原剂以改善溶剂冷凝物的去除。 来自不可冷凝气体的斯托克斯阻力将干燥的液滴保持在悬浮状态。 该悬浮液通过孔将干燥小滴的冲击聚焦到光学表面上用于红外分析。 沉积表面处于抽真空室中并进行温度控制以冷冻液体溶质，同时允许残留溶剂升华。

公开(公告)号：US06375817B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

申请号：US09293313

申请日：1999-04-16

申请人： Todd A. Taylor ,  William W. Carson ,  Lance Koutny

发明人： Todd A. Taylor ,  William W. Carson ,  Lance Koutny

IPC分类号： G01N2226

CPC分类号： G01N27/44743 ,  B01L3/502784 ,  B01L2200/0605 ,  B01L2300/0816 ,  B01L2300/0861 ,  B01L2400/0415 ,  B01L2400/0487 ,  G01N27/44791 ,  Y10T436/2575

摘要： The present invention is directed to apparatus and methods for rapid, automated, microscale sample analysis using pressure differentials. The invention includes an apparatus having intersecting channels for introduction of a sample and separation of that sample into its components. The sample introduction and separation channels preferably are etched in a microfabricated device, such as a microchip, to form a junction. Pressure gradients are applied to the channels to form a sample plug in the separation channel. The separation channel may have disposed within it a medium for separation of the components suspected to be contained in the sample. For example, with the proper medium, a voltage gradient may be applied along the separation channel to separate the components of the sample electrophoretically. The apparatus also may include means for detecting the components of the sample subsequent to separation.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及使用压力差的快速，自动化，微量样品分析的装置和方法。 本发明包括具有用于引入样品和将样品分离成其组分的相交通道的装置。 样品引入和分离通道优选在诸如微芯片的微制造装置中蚀刻以形成结。 将压力梯度施加到通道以在分离通道中形成样品塞。 分离通道可以在其内设置有用于分离怀疑包含在样品中的组分的介质。 例如，使用适当的介质，可以沿着分离通道施加电压梯度以电泳分离样品的组分。 该装置还可以包括用于在分离之后检测样品的组分的装置。

公开(公告)号：US5126025A

公开(公告)日：1992-06-30

申请号：US575111

申请日：1990-08-30

申请人： William W. Carson ,  Yung-Fong Cheng ,  Martin Fuchs

发明人： William W. Carson ,  Yung-Fong Cheng ,  Martin Fuchs

IPC分类号： B01D57/02 ,  G01N27/447

CPC分类号： G01N27/4473

摘要： A sample is injected into a capillary tube of a capillary electrophoresis apparatus. A sample solute on a porous layer is positioned in contact with an entrance end of the capillary tube and electrodes are positioned at the entrance end and exit end of the tube. The separated sample is collected at the exit end of the tube.

公开(公告)号：US08699030B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US13601288

申请日：2012-08-31

申请人： William W. Carson ,  Paul Sabin ,  Thomas J. Dee

发明人： William W. Carson ,  Paul Sabin ,  Thomas J. Dee

IPC分类号： G01N21/00

CPC分类号： G01N21/61 ,  G01N21/33 ,  G01N21/85

摘要： The instant invention provides apparatuses for measuring the level or concentration of chlorine dioxide gas in a sample and methods of using the same. One aspect of the invention provides an apparatus for measuring a concentration of a chlorine dioxide gas in a sample. The apparatus includes a light emitting diode (LED), a light sensor, and a flow path between the LED and the light sensor, and a filter configured to remove chlorine dioxide from a reference stream. The flow path is capable of containing a sample. The sensor is capable of measuring the level of chlorine dioxide in the sample and the reference stream.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于测量样品中二氧化氯气体的浓度或浓度的装置及其使用方法。 本发明的一个方面提供一种用于测量样品中二氧化氯气体浓度的装置。 该装置包括发光二极管（LED），光传感器以及LED和光传感器之间的流动路径，以及被配置为从参考流中去除二氧化氯的过滤器。 流动路径能够容纳样品。 传感器能够测量样品和参考流中的二氧化氯水平。

公开(公告)号：US5900934A

公开(公告)日：1999-05-04

申请号：US947455

申请日：1997-10-06

申请人： Anthony C. Gilby ,  William W. Carson

发明人： Anthony C. Gilby ,  William W. Carson

IPC分类号： G01N27/447 ,  G01N30/46 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N21/01

CPC分类号： G01N27/44721 ,  G01N27/44782 ,  G01N30/74

摘要： An apparatus to effect multiple simultaneous separations to measure absorbance, comprising a photodetector array comprising a plurality of photosensitive elements connected to provide a serial output. The elements are typically pixels of a photodiode array (PDA). The elements are illuminated by a light source positioned to illuminate at least a portion of the photodetector array. The light source may be a an AC or DC mercury lamp or other useable light source for chromatography. An array of separation channels is disposed between the light source and the photodetector array, each of the separation channels having a lumen, a sample introduction end and a detection region disposed opposite the sample introduction end. Typically and as disclosed herein the array is a multiple parallel capillary electrophoresis system. The last element is a mask element having at least one aperture for each associated separation channel, each aperture corresponding to its associated separation channel thereby selectively permitting light from the light source to pass through the lumen of its associated separation channel, at least a portion of the light passing through the lumen of the associated separation channel falling on a respective photosensitive element of the photodetector array to effect measurement of absorption of light by a sample introduced into the sample introduction end of the associated separation channel. Also disclosed is an instrument for analyzing the spectral content of chemical samples contained in a large number of capillary tubes which uses a single AC powered light source (which therefore gives a time-varying light output) and a single self-scanned PDA detector. This greatly reduces the number of circuit elements required, since only one amplifier, one A/D converter, one light source and one detector need be provided. The resulting device can be constructed less expensively and take up less space as compared to the conventional system. Further, a control signal having a particular frequency is supplied to both the power supply of the AC light source and the PDA detector. This stabilizes the detector signal's baseline.

公开(公告)号：US4648285A

公开(公告)日：1987-03-10

申请号：US734810

申请日：1985-05-16

申请人： William W. Carson

发明人： William W. Carson

IPC分类号： F16H25/22 ,  F16H25/24

CPC分类号： F16H25/2252 ,  Y10T74/19721 ,  Y10T74/19795 ,  Y10T74/19953

摘要： Apparatus is provided for converting rotational motion to linear motion which includes a screw shaft and nut surrounding the screw shaft, each having a helical thread. A plurality of threaded planetary rollers is interposed between and in contact with the threads of the screw shaft and nut. The screw shaft has a different number of starts than the number of starts on the nut.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于将旋转运动转换为直线运动的装置，其包括螺旋轴和围绕螺杆轴的螺母，每个螺旋轴具有螺旋螺纹。 多个螺纹行星辊插入在螺纹轴和螺母的螺纹之间并与其接触。 螺杆轴的启动次数与螺母上的启动次数不同。

公开(公告)号：US4595496A

公开(公告)日：1986-06-17

申请号：US763743

申请日：1985-08-08

申请人： William W. Carson

发明人： William W. Carson

IPC分类号： G01N30/34 ,  G05D11/13 ,  B01D15/08

CPC分类号： G01N30/34 ,  G05D11/132

摘要： Apparatus for metering liquids in controlled proportions and for delivering the resultant mixture to a point of use. The disclosed apparatus is particularly suitable for use in liquid chromatography applications. In one embodiment a plurality of reservoirs each containing a liquid to be mixed are connected through respective hydraulic accumulators to a switching valve arrangement for modulating solvent composition to the inlet of a high pressure pump. A flow and composition controller sequentially activates each of the switching valves such that the non-uniformity associated with the pump draw stroke is effectively averaged over several cycles of switching valve actuation. Such averaging is accomplished by generating and maintaining a fixed relationship between switching valve cycles and pump cycles which ideally is expressed as a non-integer ratio. The accumulators permit the fluid flow to the pump inlet to respond more accurately to the switching valve actuations, particularly at high flow rates and short duration valve actuations.

摘要翻译： 用于以受控比例计量液体并将所得混合物输送到使用点的装置。 所公开的装置特别适用于液相色谱应用。 在一个实施例中，每个含有要混合的液体的多个储存器通过相应的液压蓄能器连接到切换阀装置，用于将溶剂组成调节到高压泵的入口。 流量和组成控制器顺序地启动每个切换阀，使得在泵切换阀致动的几个循环上有效地平均与泵牵引行程相关的不均匀性。 这种平均是通过产生和维持切换阀循环与理想地以非整数比表示的泵循环之间的固定关系来实现的。 蓄能器允许流体流入泵入口以更准确地响应切换阀致动，特别是在高流量和短时间的阀致动下。