摘要:
Provided is a method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser capable of preventing characteristics fluctuations within the plane and among wafers and oscillating in a single fundamental transverse mode. The method includes after performing selective oxidation: exposing a bottom face of a surface relief structure by etching a second semiconductor layer with a first semiconductor layer where a pattern of the surface relief structure has been formed as an etching mask and a third semiconductor layer as an etching stop layer; and exposing a top face of the surface relief structure by etching the first semiconductor layer where the pattern of the surface relief structure has been formed, with the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer as etching stop layer.
摘要:
Provided is a method of manufacturing a surface-emitting laser capable of preventing characteristics fluctuations within the plane and among wafers and oscillating in a single fundamental transverse mode. The method includes after performing selective oxidation: exposing a bottom face of a surface relief structure by etching a second semiconductor layer with a first semiconductor layer where a pattern of the surface relief structure has been formed as an etching mask and a third semiconductor layer as an etching stop layer; and exposing a top face of the surface relief structure by etching the first semiconductor layer where the pattern of the surface relief structure has been formed, with the second semiconductor layer and the third semiconductor layer as etching stop layer.
摘要:
Provided is a semiconductor optical integrated device, formed by arranging a light emitting element and a light detecting element in a plane of the same substrate, each formed by laminating layers which at least include a first clad layer of a first conductive type, an active layer and a second clad layer of a second conductive type on a substrate, wherein the active layer has a structure where a second active area of a conductive type and an undoped first active area are laminated, and the second active area has the same conductive type as that of the first or second clad layer laminated in the closest position to the second active area. This device suppresses heat generation due to increased operating current and unnecessary light generation at an operation of the light emitting element, and enhancing light absorption efficiency at the an operation of the light emitting element.
摘要:
Provided is a surface emitting laser manufacturing method, etc., which reduces process damage occurring to a surface relief structure, enabling stable provision of a single transverse mode characteristic. Provided is a method including a surface relief structure for controlling a reflectance in a light emitting portion of an upper mirror, the surface relief structure including a stepped structure, includes: forming a resist pattern including a pattern for forming a mesa structure and a pattern for forming a stepped structure, on or above the upper mirror, and performing first-phase etching for etching the surface layer of the upper mirror to determine the horizontal position of the stepped structure; forming a current confining structure after the performing first-phase etching; and performing second-phase etching for further etching the area that the first-phase etching has been performed, to determine the depth position of the stepped structure, after the forming a current confining structure.
摘要:
A near-field exposure method includes closely contacting an exposure mask having a light blocking film with small openings, to a photoresist layer formed on a substrate having surface unevenness, and projecting the exposure light of the exposure light source onto the exposure mask so that the photoresist is exposed based on near-field light escaping from the small openings, wherein the near-field exposure is carried out under a condition that a contact region where the light blocking film and the photoresist layer are in contact with each other and a liquid region filled with a liquid between the light blocking film and the photoresist layer coexist between the light blocking film and the photoresist layer.
摘要:
Provided are a photosensitive silane coupling agent for forming a low-defect microparticle pattern, dot array pattern, or hole array pattern through fewer steps, and a method of forming a pattern using such photosensitive silane coupling agent. Used is a photosensitive silane coupling agent comprising a 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazido-5-sulfonyl group or a 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazido-4-sulfonyl. group.
摘要:
Disclosed is an exposure apparatus, an exposure method and an exposure mask, for improved optical lithography. Specifically, in accordance with one preferred form of the invention, the exposure apparatus is arranged to be used with an exposure mask having an elastically deformable holding member and a light blocking film provided on the holding member and being formed with an opening pattern, wherein for exposure the exposure mask is flexed to be brought into contact with an object to be exposed. The exposure apparatus includes a distance detecting system for detecting a distance between the exposure mask before being flexed and the object to be exposed, and a distance controlling system for controlling the distance between the exposure mask before being flexed and the object to be exposed, on the basis of a signal from the distance detecting system.
摘要:
An exposure method for exposing a workpiece on the basis of near-field light escaping from an opening of a mask. The method includes projecting non-polarized exposure light having a predetermined wavelength, emitted from a laser light source and passed through a depolarization device and a diffusion device, onto an exposure mask having a light blocking film formed with a plurality of rectangular openings therein, the openings having (i) a width in a widthwise direction not greater than one-third of the wavelength of the exposure light and (ii) two or more lengthwise directions extending along the mask surface, so that near-field light escaping from the openings performs exposure of a pattern on the basis of the openings.
摘要:
A mask manufacturing method includes a first step of forming, on a workpiece substrate, a fine pattern on the basis of a pattern of a fine opening having a size of not more than a wavelength of exposure light by irradiating the workpiece substrate with the exposure light through a first mask provided with the fine opening and using near-field light leaking from the fine opening; and a second step of forming a second mask by processing the workpiece substrate on the basis of the fine pattern formed in the first step.
摘要:
Disclosed herein is a light modulating apparatus comprising first and second two periodic structures each having a period smaller than the wavelength of light emitted from a light source, and a moving means for relatively moving the two periodic structures, wherein the surface of the first periodic structure is brought near to the surface of the second periodic structure to a space not longer than the wavelength to arrange them in a state opposed to each other, the light incident on the first periodic structure is converted into near-field light by the first periodic structure, the converted near-field light is transmitted through the second periodic structure and converted into propagation light by scattering the near-field light on the back surface of the second periodic structure, and the intensity of the propagation light is modulated by relatively moving the two periodic structures by the moving means.