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    Pitch-based carbon foam and composites and uses thereof
    5.
    发明授权
    Pitch-based carbon foam and composites and uses thereof 失效
    沥青基碳泡沫及其复合材料及其用途

    公开(公告)号：US06673328B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-01-06

    申请号：US09519559

    申请日：2000-03-06

    申请人： James W. Klett ,  Timothy D. Burchell ,  Ashok Choudhury

    发明人： James W. Klett ,  Timothy D. Burchell ,  Ashok Choudhury

    IPC分类号： C01B3100

    CPC分类号： F28F21/02 ,  C01B32/00 ,  C04B38/00 ,  C04B2111/00189 ,  C04B2111/94 ,  C04B2201/32 ,  F28D5/02 ,  F28D20/023 ,  F28F13/187 ,  Y02E60/145 ,  C04B35/522 ,  C04B38/0022 ,  C04B38/0051 ,  C04B38/0054 ,  C04B38/0058 ,  C04B2103/0071 ,  C04B35/52 ,  C04B40/0259 ,  C04B40/0263

    摘要： A thermally conductive carbon foam is provided, normally having a thermal conductivity of at least 40 W/m·K. The carbon foam usually has a specific thermal conductivity, defined as the thermal conductivity divided by the density, of at least about 75 W·cm3/m·°K·gm. The foam also has a high specific surface area, typically at least about 6,000 m2/m3. The foam is characterized by an x-ray diffraction pattern having “doublet” 100 and 101 peaks characterized by a relative peak split factor no greater than about 0.470. The foam is graphitic and exhibits substantially isotropic thermal conductivity. The foam comprises substantially ellipsoidal pores and the mean pore diameter of such pores is preferably no greater than about 340 microns. Other materials, such as phase change materials, can be impregnated in the pores in order to impart beneficial thermal properties to the foam. Heat exchange devices and evaporatively cooled heat sinks utilizing the foams are also disclosed.

    摘要翻译： 提供导热碳泡沫，通常具有至少40W / m·K的热导率。 碳泡沫通常具有至少约75W·cm 3 / m·cm·g·m的比热传导率（定义为热导率除以密度）。 泡沫也具有高比表面积，通常至少约6,000m 2 / m 3。 泡沫的特征在于具有“双峰”100和101的X射线衍射图，其特征在于相对峰分裂系数不大于约0.470。 泡沫是石墨，并表现出基本上各向同性的热导率。 泡沫包括基本上椭圆形的孔，并且这些孔的平均孔径优选不大于约340微米。 可以将诸如相变材料的其它材料浸渍在孔中，以赋予泡沫有利的热性能。 还公开了使用泡沫的热交换装置和蒸发冷却的散热器。

    Process for obtaining a geopolymeric alumino-silicate and products thus obtained
    6.
    发明授权
    Process for obtaining a geopolymeric alumino-silicate and products thus obtained 失效
    获得地质聚合物铝硅酸盐的方法和由此获得的产品

    公开(公告)号：US5342595A

    公开(公告)日：1994-08-30

    申请号：US923797

    申请日：1992-09-02

    申请人： Joseph Davidovits ,  Michel Davidovits ,  Nicolas Davidovits

    发明人： Joseph Davidovits ,  Michel Davidovits ,  Nicolas Davidovits

    IPC分类号： C01B33/26 ,  C01B33/32 ,  C04B12/00 ,  C04B28/00 ,  C04B30/02

    CPC分类号： C01B33/32 ,  C01B33/26 ,  C04B12/005 ,  C04B28/006 ,  C04B30/02 ,  C04B2111/00189 ,  Y02P40/165 ,  Y02W30/94

    摘要： The geopolymeric alumino-silicates have been grouped in three families depending on the atomic ratio Si/Al which may be 1, 2 or 3. With the most commonly used simplified notation, a distinction is made between______________________________________ poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O) .sub.n-- or (M)--PS, (sialate) poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O--Si--O) .sub.n-- or (M)--PSS, (sialate- siloxo) poly M.sub.n --(Si--O--Al--O--Si--O--Si--O) .sub.n-- or (sialate- (M)--PSDS disiloxo). ______________________________________ A process for obtaining a geopolymer of the alkaline poly(sialate-disiloxo) family (M)-PSDS with the ratio Si/Al=3 involves producing geopolymeric resin obtained from a reactional mixture containing:a) an aqueous solution of alkaline silicate with a molar ratio SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O comprised between or equal to SiO.sub.2 :M.sub.2 O 4.0:1 and 6.6:1 the concentration of which is over 60% wt and where the initial viscosity at 20.degree. C. is 200 centipoises, then increases but does not exceed 500 centipoises before 5 hours at 20.degree. C.;b) an alumino-silicate oxide (Si.sub.2 O.sub.5,Al.sub.2 O.sub.2) in which the Al cation is in coordination (IV-V), as determined by the MAS-NMR spectrum for .sup.27 Al, the said oxide being in such a quantity that the molar ratio Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 is comprised between or equal to Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 :SiO.sub.2 1:5.5 and 1:6.5, and then allowing the geopolymeric resin to cure.As against the prior art, the fact that there is no need to add fillers to prevent the geopolymeric matrix from cracking makes it possible to keep a very low viscosity in the geopolymeric resin and develop its film-forming property, which is a distinct advantage when fibers or other granular materials are to be impregnated.

    摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FR91 / 00177 Sec。 371日期：1992年9月2日 102（e）日期1992年9月2日PCT 1991年3月5日PCT公布。 出版物WO91 / 13830 日期：1991年9月19日。根据Si / Al的原子比可能是1,2或3，地质聚硅酸铝已经分成三个族。以最常用的简化符号表示，-poly Mn - （Si-O-Al-O）n或（M）-PS， - （唾液酸酯） - 聚Mn-（Si-O-Al-O-Si-O）n或（M） - （唾液酸酯 - 硅氧醇） - 聚Mn-（Si-O-Al-O-Si-O-Si-O）n-或 - （唾液酸酯 - （M）-PSDS-二硅氧烷）。 - 以Si / Al = 3的比例获得碱性聚（唾液酸酯 - 二硫代）家族（M）-PSDS的地质聚合物的方法涉及产生由反应混合物获得的地质聚合物树脂，其包含：a）碱性硅酸盐水溶液 SiO 2 :M 2 O的摩尔比在SiO 2 :M 2 O 4.0:1和6.6:1之间，其浓度超过60重量％，并且其中20℃下的初始粘度为200厘泊，然后增加但不超过 在20℃下5小时500厘泊。 b）通过27Al的MAS-NMR光谱确定的Al阳离子配位的铝硅酸盐氧化物（Si 2 O 5，Al 2 O 2），其中所述氧化物的摩尔比为Al 2 O 3 ：SiO 2包含在Al 2 O 3 :SiO 2 1:5.5和1:6.5之间，然后使地质聚合物树脂固化。 与现有技术相比，不需要添加填料以防止地质聚合物基质破裂的事实使得可以在地质聚合物树脂中保持非常低的粘度并显现其成膜性，这是显着的优点， 纤维或其他颗粒材料被浸渍。

    Fire resistant glazings
    7.
    发明授权
    Fire resistant glazings 有权
    防火玻璃

    公开(公告)号：US09080063B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-07-14

    申请号：US13261308

    申请日：2010-12-22

    申请人： Karikath Sukumar Varma ,  Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas

    发明人： Karikath Sukumar Varma ,  Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas

    IPC分类号： C07C211/63 ,  E06B3/67 ,  B32B17/06 ,  C07C215/40 ,  C09K21/06 ,  C09D1/04 ,  B32B17/10 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C09D5/18 ,  C09D7/12 ,  C04B111/00 ,  C08K5/19

    CPC分类号： C09D1/04 ,  B32B17/069 ,  B32B17/10935 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C04B2111/00189 ,  C04B2111/00482 ,  C07C211/63 ,  C08K5/19 ,  C09D5/185 ,  C09D7/63 ,  C04B24/122 ,  C04B24/12

    摘要： An additive for alkali metal silicate solutions, comprising a quaternary ammonium compound having the general formula (1) R1R2R3R4N+OH−, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or groups having the general formula —[CH2]n-N+R5R6R7 wherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 12, the group —[CH2]n may be hydroxy-substituted, and R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups or hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group or a hydroxy-substituted alkaryl group comprising at least 2 carbon atoms wherein the hydroxy substituent is not located on a carbon atom which is bonded to a nitrogen atom.

    摘要翻译： 一种碱金属硅酸盐溶液的添加剂，其包含具有通式（1）R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + OH-的季铵化合物，其中可以相同或不同的R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4表示烷基，羟基取代的烷基， 烷芳基，含有1至12个碳原子的羟基取代的烷芳基，或具有通式 - [CH2] n-N + R5R6R7的基团，其中n是具有1至12的整数， - [CH 2 ] n可以是羟基取代的，可以相同或不同的R 5，R 6和R 7表示包含1至12个碳原子的烷基，羟基取代的烷基，烷芳基或羟基取代的烷芳基; 条件是R 1，R 2，R 3，R 4，R 5，R 6和R 7中的至少一个表示羟基取代的烷基或含有至少2个碳原子的羟基取代的烷芳基，其中羟基取代基不位于 在与氮原子键合的碳原子上。

    FIRE RESISTANT GLAZINGS
    8.
    发明申请
    FIRE RESISTANT GLAZINGS 有权
    防火玻璃

    公开(公告)号：US20120263903A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-18

    申请号：US13261308

    申请日：2010-12-22

    申请人： Karikath Sukumar Varma ,  Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas

    发明人： Karikath Sukumar Varma ,  Benjamin Michael Stiefvater-Thomas

    IPC分类号： C07C211/63 ,  E06B3/67 ,  B32B17/06 ,  C07C215/40 ,  C09K21/06

    CPC分类号： C09D1/04 ,  B32B17/069 ,  B32B17/10935 ,  C04B28/26 ,  C04B2111/00189 ,  C04B2111/00482 ,  C07C211/63 ,  C08K5/19 ,  C09D5/185 ,  C09D7/63 ,  C04B24/122 ,  C04B24/12

    摘要： An additive for alkali metal silicate solutions, comprising a quaternary ammonium compound having the general formula (1) R1R2R3R4N+OH−, wherein R1, R2, R3 and R4 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or groups having the general formula —[CH2]n-N+R5R6R7 wherein n is an integer having a value of from 1 to 12, the group —[CH2]n may be hydroxy-substituted, and R5, R6 and R7 which may be the same or different represent alkyl groups, hydroxy-substituted alkyl groups, alkaryl groups or hydroxy-substituted alkaryl groups comprising from 1 to 12 carbon atoms; with the proviso that at least one of the groups R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and R7 represents a hydroxy-substituted alkyl group or a hydroxy-substituted alkaryl group comprising at least 2 carbon atoms wherein the hydroxy substituent is not located on a carbon atom which is bonded to a nitrogen atom.

    摘要翻译： 一种碱金属硅酸盐溶液的添加剂，其包含具有通式（1）R 1 R 2 R 3 R 4 N + OH-的季铵化合物，其中可以相同或不同的R 1，R 2，R 3和R 4表示烷基，羟基取代的烷基， 烷芳基，含有1至12个碳原子的羟基取代的烷芳基，或具有通式 - [CH2] n-N + R5R6R7的基团，其中n是具有1至12的整数， - [CH 2 ] n可以是羟基取代的，可以相同或不同的R 5，R 6和R 7表示包含1至12个碳原子的烷基，羟基取代的烷基，烷芳基或羟基取代的烷芳基; 条件是R 1，R 2，R 3，R 4，R 5，R 6和R 7中的至少一个表示羟基取代的烷基或含有至少2个碳原子的羟基取代的烷芳基，其中羟基取代基不位于 在与氮原子键合的碳原子上。

    Single-phase hydraulic binder, methods for the production thereof and structural material produced therewith
    9.
    发明授权
    Single-phase hydraulic binder, methods for the production thereof and structural material produced therewith 有权
    单相水力粘合剂，其制造方法和由其制造的结构材料

    公开(公告)号：US08226763B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-24

    申请号：US12670104

    申请日：2008-07-16

    申请人： Guenter Beuchle ,  Peter Stemmermann ,  Uwe Schweike ,  Krassimir Garbev

    发明人： Guenter Beuchle ,  Peter Stemmermann ,  Uwe Schweike ,  Krassimir Garbev

    IPC分类号： C04B12/00

    CPC分类号： C04B7/3453 ,  C04B28/18 ,  C04B2111/00189 ,  C04B2111/00198 ,  C04B2111/00206 ,  Y02P40/148

    摘要： The invention relates to a monophase hydraulic binder containing silicon, calcium, oxygen and hydrogen atoms in an arrangement comprising silicate building units having an average connectedness of no more than Q1.5 and silanol groups, with none or a part of the calcium atoms being substituted for by a metal atom M[6]x+ sixfold or higher-coordinated with oxygen and/or none or a part of the silicon atoms being substituted for by a metal atom M[4]y+ tetrahedrally coordinated with oxygen, the molar ratio of [CaO+(x/2)·(M[6]x+Ox/2)]:[SiO2+M[4]y+Oy/2] having a value of 0.75 to 2.75, and the binder containing an H2O content of 3.5% by weight to 20% by weight, as well as a mixture containing this binder. Furthermore, the invention relates to methods for manufacturing the binder or a mixture containing this binder by converting calcium-containing and silicate-containing starting materials into a preproduct which at least in part contains a calcium hydroxosilicate, subsequent grinding of the calcium hydroxosilicate until the monophase hydraulic binder forms, and optionally drying the monophase hydraulic binder to an H2O content of 3.5% by weight to 20% by weight.Finally, the invention relates to a building material made by setting the binder or a mixture containing this binder with water and subsequent hardening.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及含有硅，钙，氧和氢原子的单相水硬性粘合剂，其包含平均连接性不超过Q1.5和硅烷醇基团的硅酸盐构建单元，其中没有或部分钙原子被取代 由于与氧的六价或更高配位的金属原子M [6] x +和/或没有或一部分硅原子被与氧四面体配位的金属原子M [4] y +代替，[...] CaO +（x / 2）·（M [6] x + Ox / 2）]：[SiO2 + M [4] y + Oy / 2]，值为0.75〜2.75， ％至20重量％，以及含有该粘合剂的混合物。 此外，本发明涉及通过将含钙和含硅酸盐的原料转化成至少部分含有羟基硅酸钙的前产物来制备粘合剂或含有该粘合剂的混合物的方法，随后研磨羟基硅酸钙直到单相 水硬性粘合剂形式，并且任选地将单相水硬性粘合剂干燥至3.5重量％至20重量％的H 2 O含量。 最后，本发明涉及通过将粘合剂或含有该粘合剂的混合物用水和随后的硬化来制备的建筑材料。