Abstract:
Air gap isolation in non-volatile memory arrays and related fabrication processes are provided. Air gaps are formed at least partially in isolation regions between active areas of the substrate. The air gaps may further extend above the substrate surface between adjacent layer stack columns. A sacrificial material is formed at least partially in the isolation regions, followed by forming a dielectric liner. The sacrificial material is removed to define air gaps prior to forming the control gate layer and then etching it and the layer stack columns to form individual control gates and columns of non-volatile storage elements.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device including a plurality of copper interconnects. At least a first portion of the plurality of copper interconnects has a meniscus in a top surface. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of air gaps, wherein each air gap of the plurality of air gaps is located between an adjacent pair of at least the first portion of the plurality of bit lines.
Abstract:
A method of making a device includes providing a first device level containing first semiconductor rails separated by first insulating features, forming a sacrificial layer over the first device level, patterning the sacrificial layer and the first semiconductor rails in the first device level to form a plurality of second rails extending in a second direction, wherein the plurality of second rails extend at least partially into the first device level and are separated from each other by rail shaped openings which extend at least partially into the first device level, forming second insulating features between the plurality of second rails, removing the sacrificial layer, and forming second semiconductor rails between the second insulating features in a second device level over the first device level. The first semiconductor rails extend in a first direction. The second semiconductor rails extend in the second direction different from the first direction.
Abstract:
A nonvolatile memory array includes floating gates that have an inverted-T shape in cross section along a plane that is perpendicular to the direction along which floating cells are connected together to form a string. Adjacent strings are isolated by shallow trench isolation structures. An array having inverted-T shaped floating gates may be formed in a self-aligned manner.
Abstract:
Floating gate structures (230) are disclosed that have a projection that extends away from the surface of a substrate. This projection (232, 234) may provide the floating gate with increased surface area for coupling the floating gate and the control gate. In one embodiment, the word line extends downwards on each side of the floating gate to shield adjacent floating gates in the same string. In another embodiment, a process for fabricating floating gates with projections is disclosed. The projection may be formed so that it is self-aligned to the rest of the floating gate.
Abstract:
Air gap isolation in non-volatile memory arrays and related fabrication processes are provided. Electrical isolation between adjacent active areas of a substrate can be provided, at least in part, by bit line air gaps (436) that are elongated in a column direction between the active areas. At least one cap (434) is formed over each isolation region, at least partially overlying air to provide an upper endpoint for the corresponding air gap. The caps may be formed at least partially along the sidewalls of adjacent charge storage regions. In various embodiments, selective growth processes are used to form capping strips over the isolation regions to define the air gaps. Word line air gaps (487) that are elongated in a row direction between adjacent rows of storage elements are also provided. The selective growth processes involve a modification of the surface of the charge storage regions, either by deposition of a catalyst layer or by ion implantation.
Abstract:
A self-aligned fabrication process for three-dimensional non-volatile memory is disclosed. A double etch process forms conductors at a given level in self-alignment with memory pillars both underlying and overlying the conductors. Forming the conductors in this manner can include etching a first conductor layer using a first repeating pattern in a given direction to form a first portion of the conductors. Etching with the first pattern also defines two opposing sidewalls of an underlying pillar structure, thereby self-aligning the conductors with the pillars. After etching, a second conductor layer is deposited followed by a semiconductor layer stack. Etching with a second pattern that repeats in the same direction as the first pattern is performed, thereby forming a second portion of the conductors that is self-aligned with overlying layer stack lines. These layer stack lines are then etched orthogonally to define a second set of pillars overlying the conductors.
Abstract:
Non-volatile memory and integrated memory (480) and peripheral circuitry (490) fabrication processes are provided. Sets of charge storage regions (406, 408), such as NAND strings including multiple non- volatile storage elements, are formed over a semiconductor substrate (402) using a layer of charge storage material such as a first layer of polysilicon. An intermediate dielectric layer (404) is provided over the charge storage regions. A layer of conductive material such as a second layer of polysilicon is deposited over the substrate and etched to form the control gates (416, 418) for the charge storage regions and the gate regions (434) of the select transistors for the sets of storage elements. The first layer of polysilicon is removed from a portion of the substrate, facilitating fabrication of the select transistor gate regions from only the second layer of polysilicon. Peripheral circuitry formation is also incorporated into the fabrication process to form the gate regions for devices such as high voltage and logic transistors. The gate regions (444, 448) of these devices can be formed from the layer forming the control gates of the memory array.
Abstract:
A string (200) of nonvolatile memory cells are connected together by source/drain regions (202-205)- that include an inversion layer created by fixed charge in an overlying layer (210-213). Control gates (220-223) extend between floating gates so that two control gates couple to a floating gate. A fixed charge layer may be formed by plasma nitridation. Fixed charges may also be located between floating gates and the underlying substrate surface. Fixed charge over source/drain regions and under floating gates are formed together in a common deposition.
Abstract:
A semiconductor device including a plurality of copper interconnects. At least a first portion of the plurality of copper interconnects has a meniscus in a top surface. The semiconductor device also includes a plurality of air gaps, wherein each air gap of the plurality of air gaps is located between an adjacent pair of at least the first portion of the plurality of bit lines.