摘要:
A deposition apparatus (100, 101) for coating a substrate (10, 10b) is described. The deposition apparatus includes a first spool chamber (110) housing a storage spool (112) for providing the flexible substrate (10), a deposition chamber (120) arranged downstream from the first spool chamber (110), and a second spool chamber (150) arranged downstream from the deposition chamber (120) and housing a wind-up spool (152) for winding the flexible substrate (10) thereon after deposition. The deposition chamber (120) includes a coating drum (122) for guiding the flexible substrate past a plurality of deposition units (121) including at least one deposition unit (124) having a graphite target (125). Further, the deposition apparatus (100) includes a treatment device (160) configured to treat the flexible substrate, upstream or downstream from the at least one deposition unit. The treatment device (160a, 160b, 160c) comprises a linear ion source (161), which comprises a power source (176) electrically connected to an extraction electrode (168) and to ground potential, wherein the power source (176) is adapted for operation at a frequency in the range from about 1 kHz to about 500 kHz.
摘要:
Disclosed are methods and apparatus for determining, using, and indicating ion beam working properties in an apparatus that performs ion beam sample preparation and coating. A beam probe may be used to measure one or more working properties of a portion of the ion beam, generating a probe signal in a known relationship to the one or more working properties. The beam probe may generate a signal in a known relationship to one or more properties of a sputtered coating reaching a sample. The ion beam apparatus may modulate one or more characteristics of the ion beam in response to receiving a signal from the beam probe. The probe signal may be used in the ion beam apparatus to indicate one or more ion beam working properties. Related apparatus and methods also permit the measurement of the known relationship between probe signal and ion beam working properties.
摘要:
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, equipment, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials. Process streams can be upgraded, e.g., by removing undesired components utilizing simulated moving bed systems such as simulated moving bed chromatography, improved simulated moving bed chromatography, sequential simulated moving bed chromatography and/or related systems.
摘要:
Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) or other materials are processed to produce useful intermediates and products, such as energy, fuels, foods or materials. For example, systems and methods are described that can be used to treat feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials, in a vault in which the walls and optionally the ceiling include discrete units. Such vaults are re-configurable.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing doped substrates using a continuous large area scanning implantation process is disclosed. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a movable track member. The movable track member is provided in a chamber. The chamber includes an inlet and an outlet. In a specific embodiment, the movable track member can include one or more rollers, air bearings, belt member, and/or movable beam member to provide one or more substrates for a scanning process. The method may also include providing a first substrate. The first substrate includes a first plurality of tiles. The method maintains the first substrate including the first plurality of tiles in a vacuum. The method includes transferring the first substrate including the first plurality of tiles from the inlet port onto the movable track member. The first plurality of tiles are subjected to a scanning implant process. The method also includes maintaining a second substrate including a second plurality of tiles in the vacuum. The method includes transferring the second substrate including a second plurality of tiles from the inlet port onto the movable track member. The method includes subjecting the second plurality of tiles to an implant process using the scanning implant process.
摘要:
A grounded metallic shield (31) which comprises an electrode enclosing the filament leads (21, 22) and emitters (26, 27) of an e-Gun in a high vacuum chamber (11) of the type used in melting and casting metals and other materials and evaporation sources. The shield is spaced from the filament leads and emitters a distance in the order of the electron mean free path for the pressure uses within the high vacuum chamber. The structure and method of use thereof suppresses or eliminates arc-downs or glow discharges.
摘要:
Methods for processing of a workpiece are disclosed. The actual rate at which different portions of an ion beam can process a workpiece, referred to as the processing rate profile, is determined by measuring the amount of material removed from, or added to, a workpiece by the ion beam as a function of ion beam position. An initial thickness profile of a workpiece to be processed is determined. Based on the initial thickness profile, a target thickness profile, and the processing rate profile of the ion beam, a first set of processing parameters are determined. The workpiece is then processed using this first set of processing parameters. In some embodiments, an updated thickness profile is determined after the first process and a second set of processing parameters are determined. A second process is performed using the second set of processing parameters. Optimizations to improve throughput are also disclosed.
摘要:
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels, heat and energy.
摘要:
Biomass feedstocks (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) are processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems are described that can be useful for separating solids from liquids of saccharified biomass material slurries. Many potential lignocelluloslc feedstocks are available today, including agricultural residues, woody biomass, municipal waste, oilseeds/cakes and seaweed, to name a few.