摘要:
Methods of improving the oxidation stability of a lubricating engine oil composition comprising the step of (i) bringing the lubricating engine oil composition into contact with a solid state antioxidant. An engine and an oil filter comprising a solid state antioxidant are also disclosed. A dipstick which is coated with a solid state antioxidant is also disclosed.
摘要:
The system comprises a flow through reaction vessel having an inlet, an outlet and a reaction zone intermediate said inlet and outlet. The system further comprises reagent feed means for introducing one or more reagents into said vessel, said one or more reagents forming one or more reaction products in said reaction zone. Said reagent feed means at least include a liquid feed means for introducing a liquid into said inlet of said vessel. The vessel has a liquid evaporation zone intermediate said inlet and said reaction zone. Said liquid evaporation zone comprises an evaporation structure contacting said liquid and providing a liquid residence time in said liquid evaporation zone improving evaporation of said liquid.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a catalyst, a catalyst precursor, or a catalyst support comprising: (a) mixing a refractory metal oxide or precursor thereof with a liquid to form a paste; (b) adding said paste to an extruder, the extruder having a die plate comprising one or more dies, each die having a plurality of apertures, the outlet of each aperture having a cross sectional area of 6 mm2 or less; (c) extruding the paste through the apertures to form catalyst support extrudates;wherein the inlet of the apertures has a greater cross sectional area than the outlet of said apertures; and wherein for at least one die the combined cross sectional area of all apertures at the inlet relative to the total cross sectional area of the die at the inlet is higher than 50%.
摘要:
A system for the preparation and handling of multiple solid state samples, in particular for spectroscopic and microscopic analysis. The system comprises a sample holder assembly for multiple solid-state samples. The sample holder assembly comprises a sample holding body having first and second sides (3a, 4a), provided with multiple sample receiving open-ended bores (5) extending through said body between said first and second sides, each bore (5) having a first opening at the first side and a second opening at the second side. Furthermore a closure body (10) is provided adapted to be mounted against the second side of the sample holding body, said closure body (10) having a closure side adapted to rest against the second side of the sample holding body for closing off the second openings of the bores (5) in said sample holding body. Compacting (23) means are provided for compacting samples filled in bores (5) of the sample holding body as these bores are closed off on the second side by the closure body.
摘要:
The present invention pertains to a reactor tube comprising a fixed bed of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles in 5% to 40% of the fixed bed volume at the upstream end have an average outer surface to volume ratio (S/V) in the range of between 3.0 to 4.5 mm−1, and the catalyst particles in the remaining fixed bed volume have an average outer surface to volume ratio (S/V) in the range of between 4.5 to 8.0 mm−1, and wherein the difference between the average S/V of the particles at the upstream end and the average S/V of the particles in the remaining fixed bed volume is at least 0.5 mm−1.
摘要:
A reactor assembly for analysing the effluent stream from at least one flow-through reactor, The reactor includes a flow-through reactor for performing at least one chemical reaction. The flow-through reactor includes a reaction chamber including a reaction zone, the reaction chamber being connected to a reactor inlet for a reactant, upstream of the reaction zone and a reactor outlet for the effluent stream from the reaction zone, downstream of the reaction zone; and an analyser for subjecting the effluent stream to an analysing procedure, each reactor outlet being connected to an analyser by an effluent conduit. The reactor assembly further includes a dilution fluid supply member for adding a dilution fluid to the effluent stream, downstream of the reaction zone.
摘要:
A method of manufacturing a catalyst, a catalyst precursor, or a catalyst support comprising: (a) mixing a refractory metal oxide or precursor thereof with a liquid to form a paste; (b) adding said paste to an extruder, the extruder having a die plate comprising one or more dies, each die having a plurality of apertures, the outlet of each aperture having a cross sectional area of 6 mm2 or less; (c) extruding the paste through the apertures to form catalyst support extrudates; wherein the inlet of the apertures has a greater cross sectional area than the outlet of said apertures; and wherein for at least one die the combined cross sectional area of all apertures at the inlet relative to the total cross sectional area of the die at the inlet is higher than 50%.
摘要:
The present invention pertains to a reactor tube comprising a fixed bed of Fischer-Tropsch catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles in 5% to 40% of the fixed bed volume at the upstream end have an average outer surface to volume ratio (S/V) in the range of between 3.0 to 4.5 mm−1, and the catalyst particles in the remaining fixed bed volume have an average outer surface to volume ratio (S/V) in the range of between 4.5 to 8.0 mm−1, and wherein the difference between the average S/V of the particles at the upstream end and the average S/V of the particles in the remaining fixed bed volume is at least 0.5 mm−1.
摘要:
The invention provides a process for the hydrogenation of a reactant selected from the group consisting of: at the ring-closing carbon atom and has a proton at a (a) a 5- or 6-membered lactone that is substituted carbon atom adjacent to the ring-closing carbon atom; (b) an ester of a carboxylic acid having a gamma-carbonyl group and a proton at a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group; and (c) a carboxylic acid having a gamma-carbonyl group and a proton at a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atom of the carbonyl group, wherein the reactant is contacted with a strongly acidic heterogeneous catalyst comprising a hydrogenating metal, in the presence of hydrogen, at a temperature in the range of from 100 to 350° C. and a pressure in the range of from 1 to 150 bar (absolute). The invention further provides a fuel composition, preferably a diesel composition, comprising di-alkyl 4-methylnonanedioate or di-alkyl 3-ethyl-4-methylheptanedioate.
摘要:
Described is a method for the preparation of a chromium-free catalyst comprising Cu and at least one second metal in metallic or oxidic form, comprising the steps of a) preparing a final solution comprising ions of Cu and of at least one second metal, said final solution additionally comprising ions of a complexing agent and having a pH of above 5; b) contacting said final solution with inert carrier to form a final solution/carrier combination; c) optionally, drying the final solution/carrier combination; d) calcining the final solution/carrier combination obtained in step c) or d) to yield Cu and the at least one second metal in oxidic form; and e) reducing at least part of the thus obtained oxidic Cu on the carrier. Further, a catalyst obtainable by the said method as well as uses thereof are described.