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    Atomic layer deposition of metal oxide materials for memory applications
    2.
    发明授权
    Atomic layer deposition of metal oxide materials for memory applications 有权
    用于记忆应用的金属氧化物材料的原子层沉积

    公开(公告)号：US09130165B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-09-08

    申请号：US14506298

    申请日：2014-10-03

    Applicant: Intermolecular Inc. ,  Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba ,  SanDisk 3D LLC

    Inventor： Yun Wang ,  Tony P. Chiang ,  Vidyut Gopal ,  Imran Hashim ,  Dipankar Pramanik

    IPC: H01L47/00 ,  H01L45/00 ,  C23C16/40 ,  C23C16/455 ,  H01L21/02 ,  H01L27/24

    CPC classification number: H01L45/145 ,  C23C16/40 ,  C23C16/45525 ,  H01L21/02175 ,  H01L21/02178 ,  H01L21/02181 ,  H01L21/02186 ,  H01L21/02189 ,  H01L21/02192 ,  H01L21/02194 ,  H01L21/022 ,  H01L21/0228 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L45/08 ,  H01L45/1266 ,  H01L45/146 ,  H01L45/1608 ,  H01L45/1616

    Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to nonvolatile memory devices, such as a ReRAM cells, and methods for manufacturing such memory devices, which includes optimized, atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes for forming metal oxide film stacks. The metal oxide film stacks contain a metal oxide coupling layer disposed on a metal oxide host layer, each layer having different grain structures/sizes. The interface disposed between the metal oxide layers facilitates oxygen vacancy movement. In many examples, the interface is a misaligned grain interface containing numerous grain boundaries extending parallel to the electrode interfaces, in contrast to the grains in the bulk film extending perpendicular to the electrode interfaces. As a result, oxygen vacancies are trapped and released during switching without significant loss of vacancies. Therefore, the metal oxide film stacks have improved switching performance and reliability during memory cell applications compared to traditional hafnium oxide based stacks of previous memory cells.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例一般涉及非易失性存储器件，例如ReRAM单元，以及用于制造这种存储器件的方法，其包括用于形成金属氧化物膜堆叠的优化的原子层沉积（ALD）工艺。 金属氧化物膜堆叠包含设置在金属氧化物主体层上的金属氧化物耦合层，每个层具有不同的晶粒结构/尺寸。 设置在金属氧化物层之间的界面有助于氧空位移动。 在许多示例中，与垂直于电极界面延伸的体膜中的晶粒相反，界面是不对齐的晶粒界面，其包含平行于电极界面延伸的许多晶界。 因此，氧空缺在切换期间被捕获和释放，而空位明显损失。 因此，与以前的存储单元的传统的基于氧化铪的堆叠相比，金属氧化物膜堆叠在存储单元应用中具有改进的开关性能和可靠性。

    Diffusion Barrier Layer for Resistive Random Access Memory Cells
    4.
    发明申请
    Diffusion Barrier Layer for Resistive Random Access Memory Cells 审中-公开
    电阻随机存取存储单元的扩散阻挡层

    公开(公告)号：US20150188048A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-07-02

    申请号：US14644382

    申请日：2015-03-11

    Applicant: Intermolecular Inc.

    Inventor： Yun Wang ,  Imran Hashim

    IPC: H01L45/00

    CPC classification number: H01L45/146 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L27/2481 ,  H01L45/08 ,  H01L45/12 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1253 ,  H01L45/145 ,  H01L45/147 ,  H01L45/16 ,  H01L45/1608 ,  H01L45/1616 ,  H01L45/1625

    Abstract: Provided are resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells having diffusion barrier layers formed from various materials, such as beryllium oxide or titanium silicon nitrides. Resistive switching layers used in ReRAM cells often need to have at least one inert interface such that substantially no materials pass through this interface. The other (reactive) interface may be used to introduce and remove defects from the resistive switching layers causing the switching. While some electrode materials, such as platinum and doped polysilicon, may form inert interfaces, these materials are often difficult to integrate. To expand electrode material options, a diffusion barrier layer is disposed between an electrode and a resistive switching layer and forms the inert interface with the resistive switching layer. In some embodiments, tantalum nitride and titanium nitride may be used for electrodes separated by such diffusion barrier layers.

    Abstract translation: 提供了具有由各种材料形成的扩散阻挡层的电阻随机存取存储器（ReRAM）单元，例如氧化铍或钛硅氮化物。 在ReRAM单元中使用的电阻开关层通常需要具有至少一个惰性界面，使得基本上没有材料通过该界面。 另一个（反应式）接口可用于引入和去除导致切换的电阻式开关层的缺陷。 虽然一些电极材料（例如铂和掺杂多晶硅）可能形成惰性界面，但是这些材料通常难以整合。 为了扩大电极材料选择，扩散阻挡层设置在电极和电阻开关层之间，并与电阻式开关层形成惰性界面。 在一些实施例中，氮化钽和氮化钛可用于由这种扩散阻挡层分开的电极。

    Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxides for Memory Applications
    5.
    发明申请
    Atomic Layer Deposition of Metal Oxides for Memory Applications 有权
    用于存储器应用的金属氧化物的原子层沉积

    公开(公告)号：US20150179935A1

    公开(公告)日：2015-06-25

    申请号：US14624295

    申请日：2015-02-17

    Applicant: Intermolecular Inc. ,  Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba ,  SanDisk 3D LLC

    Inventor： Zhendong Hong ,  Vidyut Gopal ,  Imran Hashim ,  Randall J. Higuchi ,  Tim Minvielle ,  Hieu Pham ,  Takeshi Yamaguchi

    IPC: H01L45/00

    CPC classification number: H01L45/146 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L45/04 ,  H01L45/08 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1616

    Abstract: Embodiments of the invention generally relate to nonvolatile memory devices and methods for manufacturing such memory devices. The methods for forming improved memory devices, such as a ReRAM cells, provide optimized, atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes for forming a metal oxide film stack which contains at least one hard metal oxide film (e.g., metal is completely oxidized or substantially oxidized) and at least one soft metal oxide film (e.g., metal is less oxidized than hard metal oxide). The soft metal oxide film is less electrically resistive than the hard metal oxide film since the soft metal oxide film is less oxidized or more metallic than the hard metal oxide film. In one example, the hard metal oxide film is formed by an ALD process utilizing ozone as the oxidizing agent while the soft metal oxide film is formed by another ALD process utilizing water vapor as the oxidizing agent.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例一般涉及用于制造这种存储器件的非易失性存储器件和方法。 用于形成改进的存储器件（例如ReRAM单元）的方法提供优化的原子层沉积（ALD）工艺，用于形成金属氧化物膜堆叠，其包含至少一个硬金属氧化物膜（例如，金属被完全氧化或基本上被氧化 ）和至少一种软金属氧化物膜（例如，金属比硬金属氧化物氧化较少）。 由于软金属氧化物膜比硬金属氧化物膜氧化得更少或更金属，所以软金属氧化物膜的电阻小于硬金属氧化物膜。 在一个实例中，通过利用臭氧作为氧化剂的ALD工艺形成硬质金属氧化物膜，而通过利用水蒸汽作为氧化剂的另一ALD工艺形成软金属氧化物膜。

    Resistive random access memory cell having three or more resistive states
    7.
    发明授权
    Resistive random access memory cell having three or more resistive states 有权
    具有三个或更多个电阻状态的电阻随机存取存储单元

    公开(公告)号：US09001554B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-04-07

    申请号：US13738061

    申请日：2013-01-10

    Applicant: Intermolecular Inc. ,  Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba ,  SanDisk 3D LLC

    Inventor： Imran Hashim ,  Ryan C. Clarke ,  Nan Lu ,  Tim Minvielle ,  Takeshi Yamaguchi

    IPC: H01L45/00 ,  G11C13/00

    CPC classification number: H01L45/146 ,  G11C11/56 ,  G11C11/5685 ,  G11C13/0002 ,  G11C13/0007 ,  G11C13/0064 ,  G11C13/0069 ,  G11C13/0097 ,  G11C2213/32 ,  G11C2213/71 ,  G11C2213/77 ,  H01L45/08 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1253

    Abstract: Provided are resistive random access memory (ReRAM) cells, each having three or more resistive states and being capable of storing multiple bits of data, as well as methods of fabricating and operating such ReRAM cells. Such ReRAM cells or, more specifically, their resistive switching layer have wide range of resistive states and are capable of being very conductive (e.g., about 1 kOhm) in one state and very resistive (e.g., about 1 MOhm) in another state. In some embodiments, a resistance ratio between resistive states may be between 10 and 1,000 even up to 10,000. The resistive switching layers also allow establishing stable and distinct intermediate resistive states that may be assigned different data values. These layers may be configured to switching between their resistive states using fewer programming pulses than conventional systems by using specific materials, switching pluses, and resistive state threshold.

    Abstract translation: 提供了电阻随机存取存储器（ReRAM）单元，每个单元具有三个或更多个电阻状态，并且能够存储多个数据位，以及制造和操作这样的ReRAM单元的方法。 这样的ReRAM单元或更具体地，它们的电阻式开关层具有宽范围的电阻状态，并且在另一状态下能够在一种状态下非常导电（例如，约1kOhm），并且在另一状态下具有很强的电阻（例如约1MOhm）。 在一些实施例中，电阻状态之间的电阻比可以在10和1,000之间甚至高达10,000。 电阻式开关层还允许建立可分配不同数据值的稳定和不同的中间电阻状态。 这些层可以被配置为使用比常规系统更少的编程脉冲在其电阻状态之间切换，通过使用特定的材料，开关和电阻状态阈值。

    Transition metal oxide bilayers
    8.
    发明授权
    Transition metal oxide bilayers 有权
    过渡金属氧化物双层

    公开(公告)号：US08987697B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-03-24

    申请号：US14252285

    申请日：2014-04-14

    Applicant: Intermolecular Inc. ,  Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba ,  SanDisk 3D LLC

    Inventor： Hieu Pham ,  Vidyut Gopal ,  Imran Hashim ,  Tim Minvielle ,  Yun Wang ,  Takeshi Yamaguchi ,  Hong Sheng Yang

    IPC: H01L29/02 ,  H01L45/00 ,  H01L27/24

    CPC classification number: H01L45/08 ,  H01L27/2409 ,  H01L27/2463 ,  H01L45/1233 ,  H01L45/1253 ,  H01L45/145 ,  H01L45/146 ,  H01L45/147 ,  H01L45/16 ,  H01L45/1616 ,  H01L45/1625 ,  H01L45/1641

    Abstract: Embodiments of the invention include nonvolatile memory elements and memory devices comprising the nonvolatile memory elements. Methods for forming the nonvolatile memory elements are also disclosed. The nonvolatile memory element comprises a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a plurality of layers of an oxide disposed between the first and second electrode layers. One of the oxide layers has linear resistance and substoichiometric composition, and the other oxide layer has bistable resistance and near-stoichiometric composition. Preferably, the sum of the two oxide layer thicknesses is between about 20 Å and about 100 Å, and the oxide layer with bistable resistance has a thickness between about 25% and about 75% of the total thickness. In one embodiment, the oxide layers are formed using reactive sputtering in an atmosphere with controlled flows of argon and oxygen.

    Abstract translation: 本发明的实施例包括非易失性存储器元件和包括非易失性存储元件的存储器件。 还公开了形成非易失性存储元件的方法。 非易失性存储元件包括第一电极层，第二电极层和设置在第一和第二电极层之间的多个氧化物层。 氧化物层中的一个具有线性电阻和亚化学计量组成，另一个氧化物层具有双稳态电阻和近化学计量组成。 优选地，两个氧化物层厚度的总和在约和之间，并且具有双稳态电阻的氧化物层具有在总厚度的约25％至约75％之间的厚度。 在一个实施例中，氧化物层在具有受控的氩气和氧气的气氛中使用反应溅射形成。

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