Electrochemical potentiometric sensing without reference electrode
    14.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical potentiometric sensing without reference electrode 有权
    无参考电极的电化学电位传感

    公开(公告)号:US08801917B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-08-12

    申请号:US13061110

    申请日:2009-08-24

    IPC分类号: G01N27/327

    CPC分类号: G01N27/4148 G01N27/4145

    摘要: The invention relates to a method of determining a charged particle concentration in an analyte (100), the method comprising steps of: i) determining at least two measurement points of a surface-potential versus interface-temperature curve (c1, c2, c3, c4), wherein the interface temperature is obtained from a temperature difference between a first interface between a first ion-sensitive dielectric (Fsd) and the analyte (100) and a second interface between a second ion-sensitive dielectric (Ssd) and the analyte (100), and wherein the surface-potential is obtained from a potential difference between a first electrode (Fe) and a second electrode (Se) onto which said first ion-sensitive dielectric (Fsd) and said second ion-sensitive dielectric (Ssd) are respectively provided, And ii) calculating the charged particle concentration from locations of the at least two measurement points of said curve (c1, c2, c3, c4). This method, which still is a potentiometric electrochemical measurement, exploits the temperature dependency of a surface-potential of an ion-sensitive dielectric in an analyte. The invention further provides an electrochemical sensor for determining a charged particle concentration in an analyte. The invention also provides various sensors which can be used to determine the charged particle concentration, i.e. EGFET's and EIS capacitors.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种测定分析物(100)中带电粒子浓度的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:i)确定表面电位对界面温度曲线(c1,c2,c3,c3)的至少两个测量点, c4),其中所述界面温度是由第一离子敏感电介质(Fsd)和分析物(100)之间的第一界面与第二离子敏感电介质(Ssd)与分析物之间的第二界面 (100),并且其中所述表面电位由所述第一离子敏感电介质(Fsd)和所述第二离子敏感电介质(Ssd)上的第一电极(Fe)和第二电极(Se)之间的电位差获得, ),和ii)从所述曲线(c1,c2,c3,c4)的至少两个测量点的位置计算带电粒子浓度。 这种仍然是电位电化学测量的方法利用分析物中离子敏感电介质的表面电位的温度依赖性。 本发明还提供了一种用于测定分析物中带电粒子浓度的电化学传感器。 本发明还提供可用于确定带电粒子浓度的各种传感器,即EGFET和EIS电容器。

    Intrusion protection using stress changes
    15.
    发明授权
    Intrusion protection using stress changes 有权
    使用压力变化的入侵保护

    公开(公告)号:US08330191B2

    公开(公告)日:2012-12-11

    申请号:US12997576

    申请日:2009-05-26

    IPC分类号: H01L29/84 G08B13/14

    摘要: The invention relates to a integrated circuit comprising an electronic circuit integrated on a substrate (5), and further comprising protections means for protection of the electronic circuit (25). The protection means comprise: i) a first strained encapsulation layer (10) being provided on a first side of the substrate (5), wherein the first strained encapsulation layer (10) has a strain (S1) in a direction parallel to the substrate (5), and ii) disabling means (20) arranged for at least partially disabling the electronic circuit (25) under control of a strain change in the substrate (5). The invention further relates to a method of manufacturing such integrated circuit, and to a system comprising such integrated circuit. Such system is selected from a group comprising: a bank-card, a smart-card, a contact-less card and an RFID. All embodiments of the integrated circuit in accordance with the invention provide essentially an alternative tamper protection to the data stored or present in the electronic circuit therein. A first main group of embodiments concerns an integrated circuit wherein tamper protection is obtained by detecting a strain change during tampering and subsequently disabling the electronic circuit. A second main group of embodiments concerns an integrated circuit wherein tamper protection is obtained by designing a stack of strained encapsulation layers, such that tampering causes releasing of strain and thereby mechanical disintegrate (break, delaminate, etc) of the integrated circuit, and thus disabling the electronic circuit.

    摘要翻译: 本发明涉及一种集成电路,其包括集成在基板(5)上的电子电路,并且还包括用于保护电子电路(25)的保护装置。 保护装置包括:i)第一应变封装层(10),设置在基板(5)的第一侧上,其中第一应变封装层(10)在平行于基板的方向上具有应变(S1) (5),以及ii)布置成在所述衬底(5)中的应变变化的控制下至少部分地禁用所述电子电路(25)的禁用装置(20)。 本发明还涉及一种制造这种集成电路的方法,以及包括这种集成电路的系统。 这样的系统从包括银行卡,智能卡,无接触卡和RFID的组中选择。 根据本发明的集成电路的所有实施例基本上为存储或存在于其中的电子电路中的数据提供了替代的篡改保护。 第一主要实施例涉及集成电路,其中通过在篡改期间检测应变变化并随后禁用电子电路来获得篡改保护。 第二主要实施例涉及一种集成电路,其中通过设计应变封装层的堆叠来获得防篡改,使得篡改导致应变释放,从而导致集成电路的机械分解(破坏,分层等),从而导致无效 电子电路。

    CHARGE-PUMP CIRCUIT
    16.
    发明申请
    CHARGE-PUMP CIRCUIT 有权
    充电电路

    公开(公告)号:US20110241767A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-10-06

    申请号:US13133246

    申请日:2009-12-17

    IPC分类号: G05F3/02

    CPC分类号: H02M3/073 H02M3/07

    摘要: The invention describes a charge-pump circuit (1, 1′) comprising a supply voltage input node (10) for applying an input voltage (Uin) to be boosted, a boosted voltage output node (11) for outputting a boosted voltage (Uout), and a plurality of transistor stages connected in series between the supply voltage input node (10) and the boosted voltage output node (11), wherein at least one transistor stage comprises a multiple-gate transistor (D1, . . . , D5), which transistor (D1, . . . , D5) comprises at least two gates, of which one is a first gate (G) for switching the transistor (D1, . . . , D5) on or off according to a voltage applied to the first gate (G), and one is an additional second gate (Gi) for controlling the threshold voltage of the multiple-gate transistor (D1, . . . , D5), independently of the first gate (G), according to a control voltage (Φ1, Φ2) applied to the second gate (Gi). The invention further describes a method of boosting a voltage using a charge-pump circuit (1, 1′) comprising a plurality of transistor stages connected in series between a supply voltage input node (10) and a boosted voltage output node (11), wherein at least one transistor stage comprises a multiple-gate transistor (D1, . . . , D5), which method comprises applying an input voltage (Uin) to be boosted at the supply voltage input node (10); applying a control voltage, (Φ1, Φ2) to the second gate (Gi) of the multiple-gate transistor (D1, . . . , D5) to control the threshold voltage of the multiple-gate transistor (D1, . . . , D5); and outputting the boosted voltage (Uout) at the voltage output node (11).

    摘要翻译: 本发明描述了一种电荷泵电路(1,1'),其包括用于施加要升压的输入电压(Uin)的电源电压输入节点(10),用于输出升压电压的升压电压输出节点(11) )和串联连接在电源电压输入节点(10)和升压电压输出节点(11)之间的多个晶体管级,其中至少一个晶体管级包括多栅晶体管(D1 ...,D5 ),该晶体管(D1,...,D5)包括至少两个栅极,其中一个栅极用于根据施加的电压来开启或关闭晶体管(D1,...,D5) 根据第一栅极(G),并且一个是另外的第二栅极(Gi),用于独立于第一栅极(G)来控制多栅极晶体管(D1,...,D5)的阈值电压 施加到第二门(Gi)的控制电压(Φ1,Φ2)。 本发明还描述了一种使用包括串联连接在电源电压输入节点(10)和升压电压输出节点(11)之间的多个晶体管级的电荷泵电路(1,1')来提升电压的方法, 其中至少一个晶体管级包括多栅极晶体管(D1,...,D5),该方法包括在电源电压输入节点(10)处施加要升压的输入电压(Uin); 对多栅极晶体管(D1,...,D5)的第二栅极(Gi)施加控制电压(Φ1,Φ2),以控制多栅极晶体管(D1 ...,D5)的阈值电压, D5); 并输出在电压输出节点(11)处的升压电压(Uout)。

    Electrochemical sensor
    19.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical sensor 有权
    电化学传感器

    公开(公告)号:US08864968B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-10-21

    申请号:US12858353

    申请日:2010-08-17

    摘要: An electrochemical sensor device including a sensor chip having an integrated electrochemical sensor element; and a substrate having a first surface on which the sensor chip is mounted, the substrate comprising a reference electrode structure for the integrated electrochemical sensor element, the reference electrode structure connected to the sensor chip via an electrical connection on the first surface of the substrate.

    摘要翻译: 一种电化学传感器装置,包括具有集成的电化学传感器元件的传感器芯片; 以及基板,其具有安装有传感器芯片的第一表面,所述基板包括用于所述一体化电化学传感器元件的参考电极结构,所述参考电极结构通过所述基板的第一表面上的电连接连接到所述传感器芯片。

    SENSING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER THROUGH STRESS INDUCED IN IC
    20.
    发明申请
    SENSING ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETER THROUGH STRESS INDUCED IN IC 有权
    通过IC中诱发的应力感测环境参数

    公开(公告)号:US20110127627A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-06-02

    申请号:US13057075

    申请日:2009-07-30

    IPC分类号: H01L31/0352 H01L29/66

    CPC分类号: G01D5/18

    摘要: A sensor is provided for sensing a value of a physical parameter characteristic of the sensor's environment. The sensor is implemented in semiconductor technology. A behavior of the sensor's electronic circuitry is affected by stress. The stress is induced by a film covering the circuitry or only part thereof. The stress is caused by the film's material, whose dimensions depend on a value of the parameter. This dependence is different from the 5 dependence of the circuitry's substrate on the same parameter.

    摘要翻译: 提供了用于感测传感器环境的物理参数特性值的传感器。 传感器采用半导体技术实现。 传感器的电子电路的行为受到压力的影响。 应力由覆盖电路或仅部分的膜引起。 压力是由胶片材料造成的,其尺寸取决于参数值。 这种依赖性不同于电路衬底对相同参数的依赖性。