摘要:
Overcharge protection is provided for rechargeable electrochemical lithium-ion cells. The electrolyte in the provided cells contains a cyclable redox shuttle molecule that can operate in cells with high voltage cathode materials.
摘要:
A lithium ion battery pack charging system comprises a lithium ion battery pack having positive and negative terminals and comprising a plurality of lithium ion cells connected in series and in electrical communication with the positive and negative terminals. Each of the plurality of lithium ion cells comprises an anode, a cathode, and electrolyte composition comprising a redox shuttle and a lithium salt at least partially dissolved in solvent. A charger in electrical communication with the positive and negative terminals is capable of charging the lithium ion battery pack at a first charge rate and a second lesser charge rate. The system further comprises a charger controller capable of monitoring input data and switching the charger from the first rate to the second changes based on the input data. A device comprising the lithium ion battery pack charging system is also disclosed.
摘要:
Disclosed are electrochemical cells that include electrodes comprising an electrolyte comprising a vinylene carbonate or a halogenated ethylene carbonate, composite electrodes, and a binder.
摘要:
Electrochemical cells are disclosed that include electrodes comprising a composite that includes an active material, graphite and a binder. The amount of graphite in the composite is greater than about 20 volume percent of the total volume of the active material and graphite in the composite. The porosity of the composite is less than about 20%. The cells also comprise an electrolyte that includes a vinylene carbonate derivative or a halogenated ethylene carbonate derivative.
摘要:
An electrolyte composition that includes a salt disposed in a matrix in which the salt has a formula selected from the group consisting of ##STR1## in which X.sup.- is --O.sup.-, --N.sup.- SO.sub.2 R.sub.f.sup.3, or ##STR2## Z is --CF.sub.2 --, --O--, --NR.sub.f.sup.8 --, or --SF.sub.4 --; R.sub.f.sup.1 and R.sub.f.sup.2, independently, are --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.m F.sub.2m+1, or --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --SO.sub.2 --X.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sub.f.sup.3, R.sub.f.sup.4, and R.sub.f.sup.5, independently, are --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.mf.sub.2m+1, --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --X.sup.- M.sup.+, ##STR3## R.sub.f.sup.8 is --CF.sub.3, --C.sub.m F.sub.2m+1, or --(CF.sub.2).sub.q --SO.sub.2 --X.sup.- M.sup.+ ; R.sub.f.sup.6 and R.sub.f.sup.7, independently, are perfluoroalkylene moieties having the formula --C.sub.r F.sub.2r ; n is 1-4; r is 1-4; m is 1-12; q is 1-4; and M.sup.+ is a counterion.
摘要:
Described are monomeric fluorochemical surfactants having two perfluoroalkyl sulfonamido segments and two hydrophilic group, which are more efficient and effective in lowering the surface tension of organic solvents and water compared to other C4-based fluorochemical surfactants.
摘要:
A water- and oil-repellent, antistatic composition comprises (a) at least one nonpolymeric ionic salt consisting of (i) at least one cation selected from the group consisting of monovalent metal cations, divalent metal cations, and organic onium cations, and (ii) at least one weakly coordinating anion, the conjugate acid of the anion having an acidity greater than or equal to that of a hydrocarbon sulfonic acid, and with the proviso that the anion is organic or fluoroorganic when the cation is a metal; (b) at least one fluorochemical repellency-imparting additive or repellent; and (c) at least one insulating material. The composition exhibits good antistatic and repellency characteristics.
摘要:
Photoacid generators (PAGs) comprising photoactive moieties and perfluorinated, multifunctional anionic moieties (or incipient anionic moieties) are disclosed which provide photoacids with high acid strength, low volatility and low diffusivity. The present invention further relates to photoacid generators as they are used in photoinitiated or acid-catalyzed processes for uses such as photoresists for microlithography and photopolymerization.
摘要:
Novel aqueous, acid etch solutions comprising a fluorinated surfactant are provided. The etch solutions are used with a wide variety of substrates, for example, in the etching of silicon oxide-containing substrates.