Abstract:
An apparatus and method for the measurement of wax appearance temperature and wax disappearance temperature. The apparatus includes the following. The sample receptacle having a receptacle opening, including a bottom, at least one side and an open top. The sample receptacle including an inlet and an outlet for sample insertion and removal. The at least one side about the receptacle opening being light absorbing. The sample receptacle including a transparent cover mounted over the open top. The bottom of the receptacle opening having a reflective upper surface. A thermo device temperature change of the sample. A thermometer to register current temperature of the sample. A viewing chamber above the transparent cover, where the viewing chamber is surrounded by material that is light absorbing. A light emitting device to project light through the viewing chamber and the transparent cover.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for controlling flat glass forming by flowing a molten glass over a liquid tin layer contained in a forming vat wherein a forming characteristic quantity is measured above the glass surface during forming by means of beams generated by at least one absorption spectroscopy-based analyser, wherein the light beams generated by said analyser form a net above the glass surface. A device for carrying out the inventive method comprising an arm for supporting a vessel which comprises a retroreflecting means for receiving a light beam and transmitting it in an opposite direction parallel to an incident optical path is also disclosed.
Abstract:
To provide a light source which realizes accurate determination of the particle density of a plasma atmosphere without disturbing the state of the plasma atmosphere.The light source of the invention includes a tubular casing 12; a cooling medium passage 30 for causing a cooling medium to flow therethrough, the passage being provided along the inner wall of the casing; a lens 50 provided at a tip end of the casing; a first electrode 44 and a second electrode 45 which are provided in the casing and before the lens so as to be vertical to the axis of the casing and parallel to each other; and an insulating spacer 46 provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The light source further includes a hole 47 axially penetrating the center portions of the first electrode, the insulating spacer, and the second electrode; and an electric discharge gas passage for introducing an electric discharge gas, along the inner wall of the cooling medium passage, to the back surface of the lens so that the electric discharge gas is reflected by the lens and flows through the hole.
Abstract:
An optical method and system for measuring characteristics of a sample using a broadband metrology tool in a purge gas flow environment are disclosed. In the method a beam path for the metrology tool is purged with purge gas at a first flow rate. A surface of the sample is illuminated by a beam of source radiation having at least one wavelength component in a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range and/or at least one wavelength component in an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) range. A flow rate of a purge gas is adjusted between the first flow rate for metrology measurements made when the source radiation is in the VUV spectral region and a second flow rate for metrology measurements made when the source radiation is in the UV-Vis spectral region. The system includes a light source, illumination optics, collection optics, detector, a purge gas source and a controller. The purge gas source is configured to supply a flow of purge gas to a beam path in the light source and/or illumination optics and/or sample and/or collection optics and/or detector. The controller is configured to control a flow rate of the purged gas flow in response to an output signal from the detector.
Abstract:
Test apparatus comprising means for holding a sample to be tested, means for altering the strain in the sample, an optical arrangement for monitoring the sample to be tested, and processing means for processing the signals resulting from the monitoring of the sample under test, wherein the environment between the optical arrangement and the sample under test is controlled, and wherein the sample to be tested is located in a position external to the controlled environment.
Abstract:
Test apparatus comprising means for holding a sample to be tested, means for altering the strain in the sample, an optical arrangement for monitoring the sample to be tested, and processing means for processing the signals resulting from the monitoring of the sample under test, wherein the environment between the optical arrangement and the sample under test is controlled, and wherein the sample to be tested is located in a position external to the controlled environment.
Abstract:
An apparatus 10 for inspecting the surface of an object S moving in the direction of travel 23 relative to the apparatus comprises a modular sensing head assembly 11 including a plurality of sensing head modules 12, 13, each of which includes a number of sensing stations 16-21. Each sensing station includes a light source 77, 81, 84 for generating a line of light extending across substantially the width of the surface of the object and a plurality of optical detector means for detecting light scattered from the line of light by the surface of the object. The optical detectors are positioned and oriented to receive scattered light scattered along paths lying in detection planes which are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the surface of the object. Signal processing electronics are provided to convert the light received by the detectors into analog signals which are multiplexed, converted to digital signals, filtered and then compared to preselected thresholds to determine the existence of any defects in the surface.
Abstract:
In order to provide a more practical gas analysis device than that having conventionally been, while keeping the laser source and the photodetector separated from the gas cell, thereby preventing exposure to a high temperature, the gas analysis device includes: a gas cell; a laser source or a photodetector separated from the gas cell; and a laser light transmission mechanism provided between the gas cell and the laser source or the photodetector. The laser light transmission mechanism includes one or a plurality of tubular members, and an inner space of the one or the plurality of tubular members provides a light path for the laser light.
Abstract:
A method through which a more rapid detection of Helicobacter pylori in a gaseous sample is practicable, in which the 13C content is measured only until a minimum number of measurement values of the 13C content meets a standard deviation to be specified. The known 13C urea breath test has become established for clinical diagnosis for detecting Helicobacter pylori infections and known methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori provide that each method step corresponds to a fixed, specified time, which is disadvantageous, especially for performing a large number of such tests.
Abstract:
A sample analysis cup assembly, system and method for purging including a cell body, including a top end; a bottom end; a cell body wall extending axially from the top end to the bottom end; a transverse wall adjacent the top end, including a plurality of apertures extending therethrough; and a raised portion on the transverse wall including a central aperture extending therethrough; a rotatable cap, including a top surface; a bottom surface; and a series of apertures extending from the top surface through the bottom surface, the rotatable cap being structured to engage with the top end of the cell body; and a ring member structured to couple with the bottom end of the cell body are provided.