公开(公告)号：US4708198A

公开(公告)日：1987-11-24

申请号：US717580

申请日：1985-03-29

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： F28F13/02 ,  F28F13/12

CPC分类号： F28F13/12 ,  F28D7/16 ,  F28F13/02 ,  Y10S165/401

摘要： An improved heat exchange construction for tube bundle heat exchange systems including shell (4) and tube (6) types (2), incorporating detached, essentially spherical flow interrupters (24, 26) arranged in an interconnected matrix configuration (22), and disposed within the tube bundle interstices (9, 11). Substantial improvements in heat exchange and exchanger tube life, is provided. The mechanically interconnected matrix configuration of the flow interrupters provides an economical and easily assembled means to improve heat transfer outside of individual tubes in a tube bundle configuration. Continuous tube support is also provided by tube/interrupter contact, thereby greatly decreasing fatigue failures encountered in presently used multiple tube, tube/shell heat exchanger configurations (2).

摘要翻译： 一种用于管束热交换系统的改进的热交换结构，包括壳体（4）和管（6）类型（2），其包括布置在互连的矩阵构型（22）中的分离的，基本上为球形的流动断流器（24,26），并且设置 在管束间隙（9,11）内。 提供了热交换和换热器管寿命的显着改进。 流动断路器的机械互连矩阵结构提供了一种经济且易于组装的装置，以改善管束构造中各个管外部的传热。 连续管支撑也由管/断续器接触提供，从而大大减少目前使用的多管，管/壳热交换器构造（2）中遇到的疲劳失效。

公开(公告)号：US20120152508A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US12972319

申请日：2010-12-17

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： F28F1/00

CPC分类号： F28D11/04 ,  B01F7/008 ,  B01F15/065 ,  B01J19/247 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00189 ,  B01J2219/00243 ,  B01J2219/00247 ,  F28D2021/0022 ,  F28F13/02 ,  F28F19/00

摘要： The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange. The exchanger is intended principally for use in combination with a spinning tube in tube reactor with a very small annular cross section reaction passage between them, the exchanger also being of tubular form with the stator tube constituting a wall of the heat exchanger.

摘要翻译： 热交换装置为热交换流体提供一个流动通道，其包括一系列流动通道腔室部分，这些通道腔室部分通过横截面较小的横截面较小的节流孔形成通路部分相互间隔开，因此流动通道部分横向于流动方向 热交换流体在节气门形成部分中比在室部分中以更高的速度移动。 流体以使得其在节气门形成部分中的速度足够高以减小通道壁上的流体边界层的厚度从而促进热交换的速率移动。 或者或另外，速度足够高以至少降低通道壁表面的结垢速率。 或者或另外，流体作为涡流涡流流动，沿着通道的室部分的间隔使得建立了提高热交换速率的尾流干扰流。 交换器主要用于与管式反应器中的纺丝管组合使用，其间具有非常小的环形横截面反应通道，交换器也是管状形式，定子管构成热交换器的壁。

公开(公告)号：US07125527B2

公开(公告)日：2006-10-24

申请号：US10656627

申请日：2003-09-05

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： B01J8/08 ,  B01D47/16 ,  B01F3/04

CPC分类号： B01F7/008 ,  B01F5/221 ,  B01F7/00758 ,  B01F7/00783 ,  B01F7/00791 ,  B01F7/00825 ,  B01F7/00833 ,  B01F2215/0427 ,  B01J10/02 ,  B01J14/00 ,  B01J19/1887 ,  B01J2219/00085

摘要： Methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disc reactors require that a first reactant is fed to the reactor surface and forms a thin film on the surface. A second reactant is fed to the surface in the form of a second thin film to interact with the first film so as to overcome the impedance to interaction between the two films imposed by the existence of molecular clusters in the films. Thus, each film is fed into the receiving film at a rate such as to break up the molecular clusters in the film and thereby permit the molecules to aggressively and completely interact with one another. In the spinning disc apparatus the films are fed at respective distances from the spin axis. The interaction takes place in a thin chamber (less than 1 mm) between a retaining surface coextensive with the reactor surface whose distance from one another can be varied continuously, with the components being sheared between the surfaces to break up the molecular clusters to facilitate molecular, forced interdiffusion. Preferably each film is fed into the reaction chamber through a respective annular nozzle producing an improved uniformity of initial and continuous contacting of the reactants followed by an increase in forced interdiffusion of reactant molecules.

摘要翻译： 操作表面反应器和这种反应器，特别是旋转盘式反应器的方法要求将第一反应物进料到反应器表面并在表面上形成薄膜。 将第二反应物以第二薄膜的形式供给到表面以与第一膜相互作用，以克服由膜中分子簇的存在施加的两个膜之间的相互作用的阻抗。 因此，每个膜以一定的速率进入接收膜，以破坏膜中的分子簇，从而允许分子彼此积极和完全地相互作用。 在旋转圆盘装置中，薄膜以相对于旋转轴线的距离进给。 相互作用发生在与反应器表面共同延伸的保持表面之间的薄室（小于1mm）中，其彼此的距离可以连续变化，其中组分在表面之间剪切以分解分子簇以促进分子 ，强制相互扩散。 优选地，每个膜通过相应的环形喷嘴进料到反应室中，产生反应物的初始和连续接触的改进的均匀性，随后反应物分子的强制相互扩散增加。

公开(公告)号：US06938687B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-06

申请号：US10678240

申请日：2003-10-03

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： B01F7/00 ,  B01F15/06 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  F28D11/02 ,  F28D7/10

CPC分类号： B01F15/068 ,  B01F7/008 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J19/1812 ,  B01J2219/00085 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  F28D11/02

摘要： In apparatus for heat exchange to and from a body surface using a heat transfer liquid a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of elements within a casing connected axially against one another with spacer tube elements. Each element has its periphery spaced from the body surface to provide a flow gap for heat transfer fluid in heat exchange contact with the surface. The element have plenums separating each from one another forming connecting flow spaces for the heat transfer liquid between the heat transfer flow gap and inlet and outlet passages passing through the body. A preferred apparatus is a cylindrical rotor within a cylindrical stator with an annular processing space between them, the rotor containing a stack of heat exchange elements of the respective shape permitting high heat flux rates and uniform temperature distribution over the total rotor heat transfer surface.

摘要翻译： 在使用传热液体与身体表面热交换的装置中，热交换器包括多个元件，所述多个元件在壳体内彼此轴向连接并具有间隔管元件。 每个元件的周边与主体表面间隔开，以提供与表面热交换接触的传热流体的流动间隙。 元件具有彼此分离的增压室，其在传热流动间隙与通过本体的入口和出口通道之间形成用于传热液体的连接流动空间。 优选的装置是圆柱形定子内的圆柱形转子，在它们之间具有环形处理空间，转子包含一组各自形状的热交换元件，允许在整个转子传热表面上具有高的热通量速率和均匀的温度分布。

公开(公告)号：US06787246B2

公开(公告)日：2004-09-07

申请号：US09973290

申请日：2001-10-05

申请人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger ,  Kenneth S. Yao

发明人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger ,  Kenneth S. Yao

IPC分类号： B23K3536

CPC分类号： B32B15/16 ,  B29C43/02 ,  B29C43/146 ,  B29C70/58 ,  B29K2503/04 ,  B29L2031/772 ,  B32B5/30 ,  B32B15/20 ,  B32B2264/10 ,  B32B2457/00 ,  Y10T428/12028 ,  Y10T428/24942 ,  Y10T428/2495 ,  Y10T428/25

摘要： Composite materials, particularly those that are highly filled, e.g. comprising about 60 to 70 volume % of finely powdered filler material in a polymer matrix, are made by dissolving the polymer in a volatilisable solvent and forming a homogeneous mixture of the components by high shear mixing. The solvent is then removed while maintaining complete homogeneity in the mixture by evaporating much of the solvent in a high shear mill, then extruding an extremely thin film or tape (e.g. 0.0125 mm (0.0005 in)) from which the remaining solvent is removed by heating without introducing any appreciable non-uniformity, such as bubble holes. Required bodies are formed from the dried film or tape by stacking the thin coherent layers, typically about 6 to 120, then heating and pressing the stack in a mold melting the polymer, uniting the separate layers and dispersing the melted polymer into the interstices between the filler particles.

摘要翻译： 复合材料，特别是高度填充的材料，例如。 通过将聚合物溶解在可挥发溶剂中并通过高剪切混合形成组分的均匀混合物来制备聚合物基体中约60至70体积％的细粉末状填料。 然后除去溶剂，同时通过在高剪切研磨机中蒸发大量溶剂，同时保持完全均匀的混合物，然后挤出非常薄的薄膜或带（例如0.0125mm（0.0005in）），通过加热除去剩余的溶剂 而不引入任何明显的不均匀性，如气泡孔。 通过将薄的粘合层堆叠在一起，通常为约6至120，然后在堆叠中熔化聚合物的模具中加热和压制所需的主体，从而将分离的层结合在一起并将熔化的聚合物分散到 填料颗粒。

公开(公告)号：US06723999B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

申请号：US09853448

申请日：2001-05-10

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： G01N2101

CPC分类号： B01F7/008 ,  B01F7/005 ,  B01F13/0001 ,  B01F15/00714 ,  B01F15/00909 ,  B01F2013/1086 ,  B01J19/082 ,  B01J19/10 ,  B01J19/122 ,  B01J19/125 ,  B01J19/126 ,  B01J19/127 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/1887 ,  B01J2208/00 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/00141 ,  B01J2219/00146 ,  B01J2219/00164 ,  B01J2219/00166 ,  B01J2219/00168 ,  B01J2219/0888 ,  B01J2219/1227 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  B22F2998/00 ,  B29B7/401 ,  B29B7/90 ,  B29C47/0009 ,  B29C47/50 ,  B29K2021/00 ,  B29K2105/16 ,  B29K2503/04 ,  C02F1/30 ,  C02F1/302 ,  C02F1/32 ,  C02F1/36 ,  C08K3/01 ,  F28D11/02 ,  C22C32/0094

摘要： A window allows the introduction of radiation energy into an annular processing chamber filled with a material to be processed. The chamber is formed from coaxial cylinder members rapidly rotating relative to one another. The chamber can be thin enough so that it is short compared to the penetration depth of the radiation through the material, providing even exposure of the material to the radiation. Also, eddies created in the material by the relative rotation enhances the even exposure. When the material inside the annular processing chamber is opaque, resulting in an insignificant penetration depth, the eddies still insure that the material is evenly exposed to the irradiation.

摘要翻译： 窗口允许将辐射能量引入填充有待处理材料的环形处理室中。 腔室由相对于彼此快速旋转的同轴圆柱体构件形成。 该室可以足够薄，使得其与通过材料的辐射的穿透深度相比较短，从而提供材料对辐射的均匀曝光。 此外，通过相对旋转在材料中创建的涡流增强了均匀曝光。 当环形处理室内部的材料不透明时，导致渗透深度不明显，涡流仍然确保材料均匀地暴露于辐射。

公开(公告)号：US06717715B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-06

申请号：US09917188

申请日：2001-07-27

申请人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger

发明人： Richard A. Holl ,  Philip L. Lichtenberger

IPC分类号： G02B626

CPC分类号： G02B6/3564 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3546 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/3572 ,  G02B6/3582 ,  G02B7/1828 ,  G02B26/0816 ,  G02B26/085

摘要： A micro-optical switch including a flexureless magnetic micromirror hinged centrally over a pin, cone or the like. The pin, cone or the like allows the micromirror to rapidly switch or tilt into a plurality of predefined positions as accurately controlled by an microelectromagnetic assembly. A liquid surrounds the pin or cone, connects the bottom of the surface of the mirror with the substrate supporting the pin or cone, and provides a capillary force holding the mirror onto the pin or cone. The liquid low vapor pressure also dissipates heat generated by the fiberoptic beam reflecting off the top surface of the micromirror.

摘要翻译： 一种微型光学开关，其包括在销，锥体等上方中心地铰接的无挠性磁性微反射镜。 销，锥体等允许微镜快速切换或倾斜成由微电磁组件精确控制的多个预定位置。 液体围绕销或锥体，将反射镜表面的底部与支撑销或锥体的基板连接，并提供将镜子保持在销或锥体上的毛细力。 液体低蒸汽压力也消散了由微反射镜反射离开微镜顶表面产生的热量。

公开(公告)号：US5335992A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-09

申请号：US31334

申请日：1993-03-15

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： B01F5/00 ,  B01F5/06 ,  B01F7/00 ,  B29B1/04

CPC分类号： B01F5/0646 ,  B01F5/0656 ,  B01F7/0075 ,  B01F2005/0002 ,  B01F7/00633

摘要： New apparatus and methods are provided for the uniform mixing and dispersion of highly viscous flowable pastes, such apparatus comprising a body with a flow passage that is kept full of the material by pumping it under pressure. The passage is of constant flow cross-sectional area along its operative length and the ratio of its dimensions at right angles to one another changes cyclically and repeatedly along its length between a lower value and a higher value. In each stage each increase in ratio produces spreading deformation of the material from a compact mass to a thin sheet moving between closely spaced passage surfaces, and viscous shear in the material, while each decrease returns the moving material to a compact mass; the passage preferably has from 10 to 25 stages. Preferably, a rotatable core member extends through the passage so that it is annular, its rotation increasing the shear in the material above a minimum required for rheological plastic flow to facilitate the flow through the passage. The core member is rotated at a speed within the range 0.05 to 2000 RPM, preferably in the range 0.1 to 100 RPM.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于均匀混合和分散高粘性可流动浆料的新装置和方法，这种装置包括具有通过在压力下泵送而保持充满材料的流动通道的主体。 该通道沿着其工作长度具有恒定的流动横截面积，并且其直角彼此的尺寸比例沿其长度在较低值和较高值之间周期性地和重复地改变。 在每个阶段，每个比例的增加都会导致材料从紧凑的质量传递到在紧密间隔的通道表面之间移动的薄片和材料中的粘性剪切的扩展变形，而每个减少使移动的材料返回到紧凑的质量; 通道优选具有10至25个阶段。 优选地，可旋转的芯构件延伸穿过通道使得其是环形的，其旋转将材料中的剪切增加到高于流变塑性流动所需的最小值以便于流过通道。 芯构件以0.05至2000RPM的速度旋转，优选地在0.1至100RPM的范围内。

公开(公告)号：US4670103A

公开(公告)日：1987-06-02

申请号：US739777

申请日：1985-06-03

申请人： Richard A. Holl

发明人： Richard A. Holl

IPC分类号： F28F13/02 ,  F28F13/12

CPC分类号： F28F13/12 ,  F28F13/02 ,  Y10S165/405

摘要： The invention provides fluid handling apparatus which may be heat exchange apparatus or fluid reaction apparatus. The apparatus is provided with an interrupter structure for disrupting the fluid boundary layers at the walls of the apparatus and promoting mixing of the separated boundary layers with the adjacent core layers. One interrupter structure comprises a plurality of longitudinally-spaced interrupter elements mounted on a core rod, each element comprising a plurality of blade-like members each of at least approximately spherical segment profile in side elevation, the members extending mutually radially outward relative to one another to touch or nearly touch the said surface or surfaces adjacent the elements. The elements are spaced longitudinally from one another the distance required to provide wake interference flow of the fluid, wherein the vortex upstream of one element cooperates with the vortex downstream of the next element in the fluid path. In a shell and tube type exchanger the bladed type of structure may be provided in the tubes interiors, while a spherical type of interrupter structure is provided in the shell contacting the tube exteriors.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供流体处理装置，其可以是热交换装置或流体反应装置。 该装置设置有用于破坏装置壁处的流体边界层的断流器结构，并促进分离的边界层与相邻芯层的混合。 一个断路器结构包括安装在芯棒上的多个纵向隔开的断路器元件，每个元件包括多个叶片状构件，每个叶片状构件的侧视图至少大致为球形段轮廓，该构件相对于彼此相对径向向外延伸 触摸或接近元件周围的所述表面或表面。 这些元件彼此纵向间隔开提供流体的尾流干扰流所需的距离，其中一个元件上游的涡流与流体路径中的下一个元件下游的涡流配合。 在壳管式交换器中，可以在管内部设置刀片式结构，而在与外管接触的外壳中设置球形型的断流器结构。