摘要:
The invention concerns a catalyst comprising at least one group VIII metal, at least one additional metal, at least two halogens, including chlorine and fluorine, and at least one amorphous oxide matrix. The catalytic composition is such that the fluorine content is 1.5% by weight or more of the total catalyst mass. The invention also concerns the use of this catalyst in hydrogenating aromatic compounds contained in feeds comprising sulphurated compounds.
摘要:
The invention provides certain novel metal oxide materials which exhibit superconductivity at elevated temperatures and/or which are useful in electrode, electrolyte, cell and sensor applications, or as electrochemical catalysts. The metal oxide materials are generally within the formulaRnnull1nullunullsAuMmnulleCun0wnullnull(1)where nnull0 and n is an integer or a non-integer, 1nullmnull2, 0nullsnull0.4, 0nullenull4, and 2nnull(1/2) 0 and distorted or undistorted substantially square sheets of R for n>1.
摘要翻译:本发明提供某些新颖的金属氧化物材料,其在升高的温度下表现出超导性和/或可用于电极,电解质,电池和传感器应用,或用作电化学催化剂。 金属氧化物材料通常在式(1)中,其中n> = 0,并且其中n> 0和 n是整数或非整数,1 <= m <= 2,0 <= s <= 0.4,0 <= e <= 4和2n +(1/2) = 1,u为2,对于0 <= n <1,u为n + 1,其中R和A各自为Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd中的任意一种或任意组合 ,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Er,Tm,Yb,Lu,Ca,Sr,Ba,Li,Na,K,Rb或Cs; M是Cu,Bi,Sb,Pb,Tl或任何其它过渡金属中的任何一种或任何组合; Cu是由Bi,Sb,Pb,Tl或任何其它过渡金属中的任何一种或任何组合部分取代的Cu或Cu; 0为0或0,部分被N,P,S,Se或F中的任一个取代; 并且其中当n> 0时,材料的结构的特征在于变形或未失真的基本上正方形的CuO 2片状片,并且对于n> 1,失真或未失真的大致正方形的R片。
摘要:
Catalysts and method for alkane dehydrogenation are disclosed. The catalysts of the invention generally comprise (i) nickel or a nickel-containing compound and (ii) at least one or more of titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), niobium (Nb), hafnium (Hf), tungsten (W), yttrium (Y), zinc (Zn), zirconium (Zr), or aluminum (Al), or a compound containing one or more such element(s). In preferred embodiments, the catalyst is a supported catalyst, the alkane or substituted alkane is selected from the group consisting of ethane, propane, isobutane, butane and ethyl chloride, molecular oxygen is co-fed with the alkane or substituted alkane to a reaction maintained at a temperature ranging from about 250° C. and about 350° C., and the ethane is oxidatively dehydrogenated to form the corresponding alkene with an alkene conversion of at least about 10% and an alkene selectivity of at least about 70%.
摘要:
Processes for oxidative dehydrogenation of alkane to one or more olefins, exemplified by ethane to ethylene, are disclosed using novel catalysts. The catalysts comprise a mixture of metal oxides having as an important component nickel oxide (NiO), which give high conversion and selectivity in the process. For example, the catalyst can be used to make ethylene by contacting it with a gas mixture containing ethane and oxygen. The gas mixture may optionally contain ethylene, an inert diluent such as nitrogen, or both ethylene and an inert diluent.
摘要:
The invention concerns a catalyst for hydrorefining and hydroconverting hydrocarbon feeds, comprising a mixed sulphide comprising at least two elements selected from elements with an atomic number selected from the group formed by the following numbers: 3, 11, 12, 19 to 33, 37, to 51, 55 to 83, 87 to 103, characterized in that the mixed sulphide results from a combination of at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of less than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol) and at least one element the sulphide of which has a bond energy between the metal and sulphur of more than 50.+-.3 kcal/mol (209.+-.12 kJ/mol), the mixed sulphide thus having a mean bond energy between the metal and sulphur which is in the range 30 to 70 kcal/mol (125 to 293 kJ/mol).
摘要:
Aliphatic alpha,omega-aminonitriles are prepared by partial hydrogenation of aliphatic alpha,omega-dinitriles at elevated temperatures and superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a solvent and of a catalyst by a process which comprises using a catalyst which(a) contains a compound based on a metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, iron, ruthenium and rhodium and(b) contains from 0.01 to 25% by weight, based on (a), of a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, iridium, osmium, copper, silver, gold, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, zinc, cadmium, lead, aluminum, tin, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, bismuth and rare earth metals and(c) from 0 to 5% by weight, based on (a), of a compound based on an alkali metal or on an alkaline earth metal.with the proviso that the component (a) is not based on iron or iron and one of the metals selected from the group consisting of cobalt, ruthenium and rhodium when (b) is a promoter based on a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, manganese, chromium and molybdenum, and with the further proviso that, when a compound based on only ruthenium or rhodium or ruthenium and rhodium or nickel and rhodium is selected as component (a), the promoter (b) may be dispensed with.
摘要:
Dehydrogenation catalysts are prepared by a predoping process comprising, mixing iron oxide materials with a predopant to form a blend of iron oxide and predopant and heating the blend to the predoping conditions and thereafter forming a catalyst. The catalysts so prepared are useful in the dehydrogenation of a composition having at least one carbon--carbon double bond. Such catalytic uses include the conversion of ethylbenzene to styrene.
摘要:
In one aspect of the invention, a composition is presented comprising restructured iron oxide particles. A method is also presented for restructuring iron oxide particles to form low surface area iron oxide particles. In this method, iron oxide particles are contacted with an effective mount of a restructuring agent and are then heated until restructuring occurs.
摘要:
An improvement process for the preparation of copper-containing methanol dissociation catalysts by precipitation of a copper-containing catalyst precursor, calcination, and reduction of the precursor, the improvement comprising conducting the calcination of the precursor in an atmosphere of CO.sub.2.
摘要:
A continuous process for the preparation of tetrahydrofuran comprises, in a single-stage process, catalytically hydrogenating the solution which results when at least one of maleic anhydride or succinic anhydride is dissolved in a monohydric aliphatic alcohol in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst comprising the mixed oxides of copper, zinc and aluminum.