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    Method and apparatus for instantaneous band ratioing in a reflectance radiometer
    301.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for instantaneous band ratioing in a reflectance radiometer 失效
    反射辐射计瞬时波段比例的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4345840A

    公开(公告)日：1982-08-24

    申请号：US138306

    申请日：1980-04-08

    Applicant: Alexander F. H. Goetz ,  Richard A. Machida

    Inventor： Alexander F. H. Goetz ,  Richard A. Machida

    IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/31 ,  G01J3/50 ,  G01N21/25

    CPC classification number: G01N21/314 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0272 ,  G01J3/0286 ,  G01J3/0294 ,  G01J3/04 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J2003/1217 ,  G01J2003/123 ,  G01J2003/2833 ,  G01J2003/425 ,  G01J3/2803

    Abstract: A hand-held instrument is provided to compare information from selected infrared and visible bands in the 0.4 to 2.5 micrometer range, to perform ratioing via a dividing circuit (17) and to directly read out, via a display system (18), ratio values in a continuous digital display. The dual-beam, ratioing radiometer contains two optical trains (10, 12), each having two repeater lenses (L1a, L1b and L2a, L2b) and a cooled lead sulfide detector (D1, D2). One of the trains (10) is pivotal to facilitate measurements at distances ranging from about 1 meter to infinity. The optical trains are intersected by a set of two coaxially-mounted filter wheels (F1, F2), each containing up to five interference filters and slits to pass radiation filtered by the other. Filters with band passes as narrow as 0.01 micrometer are used in the region 0.4 to 2.5 micrometers. The total time for a calibration and measurement is only a few seconds. It is known from previous field studies using prior art devices, that materials, e.g., clay minerals, and carbonate minerals such as limestone, have unique spectral properties in the 2.0 to 2.5 micrometer region. Using properly chosen spectral filters, and ratioing the signals to remove the effect of topography on the brightness measured, the instrument can be used for real-time analysis of reflecting materials in the field. Other materials in the broader range of 0.4 to 2.5 micrometers (and even beyond) could be similarly identified once the reflectance spectrum of the material is established by any means.

    Abstract translation: 提供手持式仪器以比较在0.4至2.5微米范围内的所选红外线和可见波段的信息，通过分频电路（17）执行比例，并通过显示系统（18）直接读出比率值 在连续的数字显示。 双光束比例辐射计包含两个光学列车（10,12），每个具有两个中继器透镜（L1a，L1b和L2a，L2b）和冷却的硫化铅检测器（D1，D2）。 火车（10）中的一个是关键的，以便于距离范围从大约1米到无穷远的测量。 光学列车由一组两个同轴安装的滤光轮（F1，F2）相交，每个滤光轮最多包含五个干涉滤光片和狭缝，以通过另一个过滤的辐射。 带宽为0.01微米的滤光片在0.4至2.5微米的范围内使用。 校准和测量的总时间只有几秒钟。 从使用现有技术装置的先前现场研究中已知，例如粘土矿物和碳酸盐矿物如石灰石的材料在2.0至2.5微米的区域中具有独特的光谱性质。 使用适当选择的光谱滤波器，并比较信号以消除地形对测量的亮度的影响，仪器可用于现场反射材料的实时分析。 一旦通过任何方式建立材料的反射光谱，可以类似地识别在0.4至2.5微米（甚至更远）的更宽范围内的其它材料。

    Method and apparatus for detecting fluorescence under ambient light conditions
    302.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for detecting fluorescence under ambient light conditions 失效
    用于在环境光条件下检测荧光的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US4336459A

    公开(公告)日：1982-06-22

    申请号：US158642

    申请日：1980-06-11

    Applicant: Homer Fay

    Inventor： Homer Fay

    IPC: G02C1/00 ,  F21V9/16 ,  G01J1/42 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/44 ,  G01N21/64

    CPC classification number: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N21/6447 ,  G01J2001/4242 ,  G01N2021/1793 ,  G01N2201/0221 ,  G01N2201/0696

    Abstract: Fluorescent materials such as certain metal ores are detected under ambient light conditions by observing the material through a gated aperture which is opened at predetermined intervals for periods of predetermined duration while simultaneously exposing the material to periodic pulses of fluorescent stimulating light. The frequency of the light pulse is synchronized with the frequency of the opening of the gated aperture so that the aperture is open for at least a portion of the period during which fluorescence is produced by the stimulating light pulse. Electro-optic goggles are a preferred type of gated aperture.

    Abstract translation: 在环境光条件下通过观察材料通过门控孔径来检测诸如某些金属矿石的荧光材料，所述门控孔在预定时间段内以预定间隔打开，同时将材料暴露于荧光刺激光的周期性脉冲。 光脉冲的频率与门控孔的开度的频率同步，使得孔径在通过刺激光脉冲产生荧光的期间的至少一部分是开放的。 电光镜是门控孔的优选类型。

    Rapid scan spectral analysis system utilizing higher order spectral reflections of holographic diffraction gratings
    303.
    发明授权
    Rapid scan spectral analysis system utilizing higher order spectral reflections of holographic diffraction gratings 失效
    利用全息衍射光栅的高阶光谱反射的快速扫描光谱分析系统

    公开(公告)号：US4264205A

    公开(公告)日：1981-04-28

    申请号：US940360

    申请日：1978-09-07

    Applicant: Isaac J. Landa

    Inventor： Isaac J. Landa

    IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01N21/31

    CPC classification number: G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0208 ,  G01J3/0221 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/024 ,  G01J3/0262 ,  G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/26 ,  G01J3/2889 ,  G01N21/314 ,  G01J2003/1273 ,  G01J2003/2853 ,  G01J3/1838

    Abstract: An improved optical system is disclosed for rapid, accurate spectral analysis of the reflectivity or transmissivity of samples. A concave holographic diffraction grating oscillated at high speed is utilized to provide a rapid scanning of monochromatic light through a spectrum of wavelengths. The grating is positively driven at very high speed. The rapid scan by the grating enables the reduction of noise error by averaging over a large number of cycles. It also reduces the measurement time and thus prevents sample heating by excessive exposure to light energy. A filter wheel having opaque segments is rotated in the optical path and is synchronous with the grating. The filter wheel is divided into two arcuate segments separated by the opaque segments arranged approximately 180 degrees apart. One arcuate segment of the wheel transmits only first order light. The other arcuate segment transmits only second order light. Separate photodetectors are employed during infrared analysis of samples for detecting first order and second order wavelength transmissions and an electronic decoder apparatus is utilized for switching between detectors.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种改进的光学系统，用于对样品的反射率或透射率进行快速，准确的光谱分析。 利用以高速振荡的凹面全息衍射光栅，通过一系列波长快速扫描单色光。 光栅以非常高的速度被正向驱动。 光栅的快速扫描使得能够通过大量循环的平均来减少噪声误差。 它还减少测量时间，从而防止过度暴露于光能的样品加热。 具有不透明段的滤光轮在光路中旋转并与光栅同步。 过滤轮被分成两个弧形段，这些弧段由分开大约180度的不透明段分开。 车轮的一个弧形段仅传送一级光。 另一个弧形段仅传送二阶光。 在用于检测一阶和二阶波长传输的样本的红外分析期间采用单独的光电检测器，并且使用电子解码器装置在检测器之间切换。

    Spectrographic apparatus with chopper means located in the sample cell
    304.
    发明授权
    Spectrographic apparatus with chopper means located in the sample cell 失效
    具有斩波装置的光谱仪器位于样品池中

    公开(公告)号：US4193695A

    公开(公告)日：1980-03-18

    申请号：US872586

    申请日：1978-01-26

    Applicant: Kennosuke Kojima ,  Takao Imaki ,  Kozo Ishida

    Inventor： Kennosuke Kojima ,  Takao Imaki ,  Kozo Ishida

    IPC: G01J1/04 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/01 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/61 ,  G01J3/48

    CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232

    Abstract: An optical system for a spectroscopic analyzer. The system has a light source, a detector and a sample cell connected in a line, and in the sample cell or between the sample cell and one of the other elements is a light chopper device. The light chopper has a rotating element in the form of a disc-shaped member or members which periodically block light from the light source and pass light during the times it is not blocked. The rotating element is driven by a motor on the outside of the structure.

    Abstract translation: 用于光谱分析仪的光学系统。 该系统具有连接在一行中的光源，检测器和样品池，并且在样品池中或样品池与其它元件中的一个元件之间是光斩波器件。 光斩波器具有圆盘状构件形式的旋转元件，其周期性地阻挡来自光源的光并且在其未被阻挡的时间内通过光。 旋转元件由结构外侧的电动机驱动。

    Multiple function spectrophotometer having an automatically stabilized chopper disc
    305.
    发明授权
    Multiple function spectrophotometer having an automatically stabilized chopper disc 失效
    具有自动稳定切割盘的多功能分光光度计

    公开(公告)号：US3787121A

    公开(公告)日：1974-01-22

    申请号：US3787121D

    申请日：1972-12-18

    Applicant: BAXTER LABORATORIES INC

    Inventor： MARCUS B ,  LOWY G ,  CONLON J

    IPC: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/427

    CPC classification number: G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/0237 ,  G01J3/06 ,  G01J3/08 ,  G01J3/12 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01J3/427

    Abstract: A spectrophotometer of the two-beam type employing two adjustable monochromators and employing a rotating chopper disc to provide time-sharing operation, such as split-beam operation, dual wavelength operation, or other desired modes of operation. The chopper disc motor is stabilized by a fiber optic feedback system and cooperating electronic system utilizing light beams reflected by the underside of the chopper disc and photo diodes responding to these reflections. The main optical system includes an adjustable lens element coupled to one of the monochromators to compensate for variations in refractive index of the lens element with wavelength. The electronic readout system is gated by the chopper disc stabilizing system to maintain synchronism of the readout signals with the two monochromatic excitation beams.

    Abstract translation: 采用两个可调单色器的双光束型分光光度计，并采用旋转斩光盘来提供分光操作，例如分光束操作，双波长操作或其它所需操作模式。 斩波盘电机由光纤反馈系统和协同电子系统稳定，利用由斩波盘的下侧反射的光束和响应于这些反射的光电二极管。 主光学系统包括耦合到单色仪中的一个的可调透镜元件，以补偿具有波长的透镜元件的折射率变化。 电子读出系统由斩波盘稳定系统门控，以保持读出信号与两个单色激发光束的同步。

    Multi-Wavelength Laser Inspection
    308.
    发明公开
    Multi-Wavelength Laser Inspection 审中-公开

    公开(公告)号：US20240085325A1

    公开(公告)日：2024-03-14

    申请号：US18509402

    申请日：2023-11-15

    Applicant: The Boeing Company

    Inventor： Keith D. Humfeld ,  Morteza Safai

    IPC: G01N21/64 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/44

    CPC classification number: G01N21/6402 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  G01J3/4406 ,  G01N2021/6419 ,  G01N2021/6421 ,  H01S5/1092

    Abstract: An example system for inspecting a surface includes a laser, an optical system, a gated camera, and a control system. The laser is configured to emit pulses of light, with respective wavelengths of the pulses of light varying over time. The optical system includes at least one optical element, and is configured to direct light emitted by the laser to points along a scan line one point at a time. The gated camera is configured to record a fluorescent response of the surface from light having each wavelength of a plurality of wavelengths at each point along the scan line. The control system is configured to control the gated camera such that an aperture of the gated camera is open during fluorescence of the surface but closed during exposure of the surface to light emitted by the laser.

    Signal conversion system for optical sensors
    310.
    发明授权
    Signal conversion system for optical sensors 有权

    公开(公告)号：US11725985B2

    公开(公告)日：2023-08-15

    申请号：US16400960

    申请日：2019-05-01

    Applicant: Verity Instruments, Inc.

    Inventor： Larry Arlos Bullock

    IPC: G01J3/28 ,  H03M1/12 ,  G01J3/02

    CPC classification number: G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/0232 ,  H03M1/12

    Abstract: The disclosure provides an optical instrument, a method of converting an optical input to a digital signal output, and a spectrometer. In one embodiment, the optical instrument includes: (1) an optical sensor configured to receive an optical input and convert the optical input to electrical signals, and (2) a conversion system having conversion circuitry having multiple parallel signal channels that are configured to receive and modify the electrical signals to analog outputs, an analog switch configured to select one of the parallel signal channels according to an operating mode of the optical instrument, and an analog to digital converter configured to receive and convert the analog output from the selected parallel signal channel to a digital signal output.

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