摘要:
A display cell has an upper substrate joined to an intermediate substrate with a specific gap put therebetween; an optoelectric material kept in the gap, and signal electrodes formed on the upper substrate in rows to which are applied image signals. A plasma cell has a lower substrate joined to the intermediate substrate with a specific gap put therebetween for forming an enclosed space, an ionizable gas which fills the enclosed space, and scanning electrodes formed on the lower substrate in columns to generate a plasma discharge. The scanning electrodes are scanned in sequence to write image signals applied to the signal electrodes in the optoelectric material. The gas for generating plasma discharge is composed of a mixture containing an inert component such as Kr or Xe as a main component and a hydrogen component. The inert gas changes, when electric discharging is started, from the ground state to the excited state, and changes, when the electric discharging is stopped, from the excited state to the ground state while being partially kept in a metastable state for a short time. The hydrogen component acts to quickly quench the metastable state of the inert element to accelerate the decay of the electric discharge, thereby making the sequential scanning of the scanning electrodes faster.
摘要:
An information processing apparatus of the present invention is, in order to prevent a malfunction by an increase or a decrease of an oscillation frequency of a clock oscillator, provided with redundancy with 2n+1 (n is a positive integer) clock oscillators and includes a counter for counting a clock of each of the clock oscillators. Values of the counters are compared with each other at every certain timing to select a normal clock oscillator, and the clock of the oscillator is used by modules of the information processing apparatus. Accordingly, even if a little disorder in oscillation frequency occurs with any of the clock oscillators, the information processing apparatus continues to operate without stopping and without malfunctioning. Further, a difference between each two values is calculated, and an error is discriminated when the difference is higher than a certain value. By making it possible to freely set the value to be used for the discrimination of an error, it is possible to set a displacement in oscillation frequency of a clock oscillator which is to be discriminated as an error.
摘要:
One of a plurality of preset opening states the output voltage of each of first and second accelerator opening detection units is in and the continuation time of the opening state are judged, failures of the first and second accelerator opening detection units are judged according to judging conditions which are based on the opening state and the continuation time of the opening state, and the throttle valve is controlled based on the result of the judgment.
摘要:
A driving control apparatus for an engine of a vehicle comprises a first control unit 21 for calculating an engine control parameter, a second control unit 22 for calculating a throttle control amount, and first and second communication lines L1 and L2 for transmitting data between the first and the second control units. The second control unit includes an instrument for judging an abnormality of the first communication line L1. The first control unit includes an instrument for judging an abnormality of the second communication line L2, and second control unit monitor for monitoring an operation of the second control unit based on a first throttle opening degree signal T1 when an abnormality of each of the communication lines is judged. With the above arrangement, an abnormality of the second control unit can be judged at the side of the first control unit with a simple logic, and a reliable driving property can be secured at low costs.
摘要:
A refrigerator controller employs a non-azeotropic mixture refrigerant and a compressor, a four-way valve, an outdoor hear exchanger, a fractionator, an overhead condenser provided on the top of the fractionator, a first flow control valve, a throttle, and an indoor heat exchanger which are connected in the form of a ring. The controller further employs a circuit at a lower part of the fractionator returning to the bottom of the fractionator through a second flow control valve and a reheater, and a circuit returning from the overhead condenser to the top of the fractionator, thereby controlling the openings of the first and second flow control valves by the output signal of indoor and outdoor heat exchanger temperature detectors, an indoor temperature detector, and an indoor temperature setting device through a flow controller. In this manner, a wider control range of refrigerating capability can be realized. Thus a high separation effect for mixed refrigerant components is obtained while controlling a safe and optimum refrigerant cycle.
摘要:
A degree of sporty driving, or degree of load on tires of a vehicle, is detected based on a usage degree of tire performance. A horizontal force exerted on a tire is calculated and estimated based on longitudinal acceleration and lateral acceleration. Then a ratio, of the horizontal force to a maximum limit gripping force of the tire, is determined to enable detection of the load on a tire at all times.
摘要:
Disclosed is a decentralized control method for a corrugator line characterized by the fact that, in the control method for a corrugator line for the continuous production of corrugated boards including the process of bonding a liner to the corrugated medium so as manufacture a single-faced corrugated board, bonding another liner to this single-faced corrugated board so as to fabricate double-faced corrugated boards or sheets, cutting the boards into predetermined lengths, and the like and having a local control unit provided for each process unit which is set up by dividing the aforenoted series of production processes so as to achieve synchronized production control of the line by means of these unit-process local control units which are allotted different functions and which are linked into a multiplex transmission network. The cycle pulses (that is, the synchronization signal which serves as the production reference for each control unit) that are obtained, when the double-faced or double wall corrugated boards are cut into the required lengths, are used and supplied to the main control unit and each local control unit for the synchronized production control by means of the local control units.
摘要:
To improve reliability of a semiconductor device. In a conductive material that electrically couples a Cu pillar electrode and a lead, an alloy part comprised of an alloy of tin and copper is formed inside this conductive material. At this time, the alloy part contacts both the Cu pillar electrode and the lead, and the Cu pillar electrode and the lead are bound through the alloy part. Similarly, also in FIG. 8, it is found that the Cu pillar electrode and the lead are electrically coupled to each other by the alloy part. Thereby, it is possible to improve electric coupling reliability between the Cu pillar electrode and the lead.
摘要:
[Object] It is an object to provide an injection method for injecting an electrolyte and an electrolyte injection apparatus which allow the electrolyte to be injected and filled into an electrode assembly within an outer can with favorable permeation, thereby easily manufacturing an electrolyte secondary battery having favorable cycle characteristics at good yield.[Solution] A solution injection nozzle 10 is inserted into a solution injection hole 101 of an outer can 100 in which an electrode assembly 110 is stored, and the solution injection hole 101 is hermetically sealed by a pressure reducing pad 11 provided so as to surround a periphery of the solution injection nozzle 10. An inside of the outer can 100 is made into a negative pressure through the pressure reducing pad 11, and an electrolyte L is supplied from the solution injection nozzle 10 into the outer can 100. The outer can 100 is rotated with the solution injection nozzle 10 as a rotation center.