摘要:
A scanning electron microscope can discriminate secondary particles in a desired energy region by band-pass and detect the secondary particles with a high yield point. Even when a lens 23 is disposed on an electron source side of an objective lens 18, and a primary electron beam forms any optical system on the electron gun side of the lens, the lens operates the primary electron beam to be converged to a convergent point 24 that is a specific position. A detection ExB 16 that supplies a field that affects the locus of the secondary particles that are generated from a specimen 2 is disposed at the convergent point 24 of the primary electron beam so as to lead only the secondary particles in a specific energy range to a detection unit 13. Because a position to which the field that affects the locus of the secondary particles is supplied is the convergent point of the primary electron beam 19, it is possible to lead only the secondary particles of the desired energy to the detection unit without enlarging the aberration of the primary electron beam 19 and also to effectively conduct the band-pass discrimination of the energy. As a result, the signal electrons according to an observation object can be discriminated and detected.
摘要:
An electron beam source is provided with an electron forming means such as a doped layer of Si for forming conduction band electrons near the surface of the pointed tip of a needle-shaped structure while suppressing emission of electrons from a valence band. The surface of the pointed tip of the needle-shaped structure is formed with a single-crystal semiconductor or insulator. Preferably a surface passivation layer and/or a highly doped layer is formed on the surface of the needle-shaped structure. Also, means for exciting electrons in a valence band may be provided. An electron beam source apparatus and electron beam apparatus incorporating the electron beam source as defined above are also disclosed.
摘要:
A transistor having a high carrier mobility and suited for a high-speed operation can be formed by utilizing a fact that the carrier mobility in a strained germanium layer is large. A strain control layer is provided beneath the germanium layer to impose a compressive strain on the germanium layer, and the composition of the strain control layer in a predetermined range is used to generate the compressive strain surely.
摘要:
An automatic IC mounting process for mounting a plurality of ICs on an upper surface of a printed circuit board in accordance with a predetermined sequence program. Each of the ICs has a plurality of leads, each of which is to be inserted into a predetermined corresponding through-hole of the printed circuit board. The process includes: (i) a step for inserting the leads of an IC into the through-holes of the printed circuit board; (ii) a step for detecting whether or not each lead of the IC is correctly inserted into the corresponding through-hole after every step (i); (iii) a step for removing a misinserted IC having a misinserted lead from the printed circuit board and discarding the misinserted IC into a predetermined reject place immediately after a misinsertion is detected in the step (ii); (iv) a step for memorizing the information for identifying the misinserted IC; (v) a step for mounting a predetermined number of subsequent ICs on the printed circuit board in accordance with the predetermined sequence program, leaving the position of the misinserted IC unmounted; (vi) a step for searching for whether or not the information was memorized in the step (iv); and, (vii) a step for preparing a new IC identified by that information and remounting it on the printed circuit board at the position of the misinserted IC.
摘要:
Disclosed is a charged particle radiation device having a charged particle source which generates a charged particle as a probe, a charged particle optical system, a sample stage, a vacuum discharge system, an aperture which restricts a probe, a conductive film, and a charged particle detector, wherein the conductive film is provided at a position excluding the optical axis of the optical system between the sample stage and the aperture; and the distance between the sensing surface of the surface of the charged particle detector and the sample stage is larger than the distance between the sample stage and the conductive film, so that the surface of the conductive film and the sensing surface of the detector are inclined.
摘要:
An airbag in which no choking occurs and which can be rapidly deployed. A cushion section of the airbag internally accommodates a cylinder-type inflator that includes an insertion hole for inserting the inflator from an outside to an inside, and a diffuser into which the inflator is inserted, and a diffuser having a tubular portion obtained by folding back a section of cloth to form symmetrical portions with an upper base formed by the folded back part and a lower base formed by adjacent ends of the symmetrical portions. The cushion section is folded back at both lateral sides of the along first folding lines that are substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the diffuser.
摘要:
The present invention provides an electron beam apparatus comprising a means for visualizing an axial displacement of a retarding electric field, and a means for adjusting axial displacement. The axial displacement visualizing means includes a reflective plate (6), and an optical system (2,3) for converging a secondary electron beam (9) on the reflective plate (6), and the axial displacement adjusting means includes an incline rotation mechanism (8) for a sample stage (5). With this configuration, in electron beam apparatuses such as SEM and the like, such problems as visual field displacement caused by displacement of the axial symmetry of the electric field between an objective lens (3) and a sample (4) and inability to measure secondary electrons and reflected electrons that provide desired information can be eliminated.
摘要:
An airbag in which no choking occurs and which can be rapidly deployed. A cushion section of the airbag internally accommodates a cylinder-type inflator that includes an insertion hole for inserting the inflator from an outside to an inside, and a diffuser into which the inflator is inserted, and a diffuser having a tubular portion obtained by folding back a section of cloth to form symmetrical portions with an upper base formed by the folded back part and a lower base formed by adjacent ends of the symmetrical portions. The cushion section is folded back at both lateral sides of the along first folding lines that are substantially orthogonal to a longitudinal direction of the diffuser.
摘要:
Provided is a charged particle beam apparatus, which can emit a stable electron beam, having high brightness and a narrow energy width. The charged particle beam apparatus comprises a field emission electron source, electrodes for applying an electric field to the field emission electron source, and a vacuum exhaust unit for keeping the pressure around the field emission electron source at 1 10−8 Pa or less. The apparatus is so constituted as to use such one of the electron beams emitted as has an electron-beam-center radiation angle of 1×10−2sr or less, and to use the electric current thereof, the second order differentiation of which is negative or zero with respect to the time, and which reduces at a rate of 10% or less per hour. The charged particle beam apparatus further comprises a heating unit for the field emission electron source, and a detection unit for the electric current of the electron beam. The field emission electron source is repeatedly heated to keep the electric current of the electron beam to be emitted, at a predetermined value or higher.
摘要:
The invention relates to a method for producing an azoline compound represented by the general formula (3): wherein R1 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, a substituted amino group, a substituted carbamoyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; R3, R4, R5 and R6 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl group, a halogen atom, a substituted amino group, a substituted carbamoyl group or an optionally substituted heterocyclic group; two arbitrary groups selected from R3, R4, R5 and R6 may bond to each other to form a ring; and Z1 represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a selenium atom;comprising reacting a carboxylic acid or a carboxylic acid derivative represented by the general formula (1): R1CO2R2 (1) wherein R1 is as defined above; R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl group or an optionally substituted aryl group; and R1 and R2 may bond to each other to form a ring;with an aminochalcogenide represented by the general formula (2): wherein R3, R4, R5, R6 and Z1 are as defined above; in the presence of a compound containing a group 12 metal element in the periodic table.